تأثیر رسوب ریزگرد و شدت نور بر عملکرد و برخی ویژگی‌های آگروفیزیولوژیک نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) در شرایط دیم

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

مقاله 6، دوره 12، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 24، دی 1400، صفحه 69-84   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v12i2.86464

نویسندگان

سیامک رنجبر؛ محمداقبال قبادی^* ؛ مختار قبادی

گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

یکی از مشکلات رسوب ریز‌گردها بر روی سطح برگ گیاهان، کاهش شدت نور وارده می باشد. از این‌رو، به ‌منظور بررسی اثر ریزگردها و شدت نور بر عملکرد و برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک و زراعی نخود رقم بیونیچ، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 96-1395 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتورها شامل شدت نور (100، 75، 50، 25 و 0 درصد شدت نور طبیعی) و رسوب ریزگردها در مرحله شروع گلدهی و بدون رسوب ریزگرد بودند. نتایج نشان داد که از مرحله گلدهی به بعد میزان خسارت رسوب ریزگردها به عملکرد زیست‌‌توده، عملکرد دانه، تعداد دانه در بوته، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کاروتنوئیدها، کربوهیدرات‌های محلول و کارآیی مصرف آب نسبت به تیمار شاهد به‌ترتیب 5/24، 8/16، 4/15، 5/13، 7/21، 7/10، 8/18 و 6/24 درصد بود. اثر کاهش شدت نور در تیمار بدون ریزگرد بین شدت نورهای کامل و 75 درصد تفاوت معنی‌داری بر صفات عملکرد زیست‌توده عملکرد دانه و تعداد دانه در بوته ایجاد نکرد ولی از 50 درصد تا صفر درصد این مقادیر کاهش داشتند؛ اگرچه، در تیمار رسوب ریزگردها با کاهش شدت نور از 100 درصد، مقادیر این صفات کاهش معنی‌داری داشتند. هم رسوب ریزگردها و هم کاهش شدت نور اثرات شدیدی بر کارآیی مصرف آب گیاه نخود ایجاد کردند. بر این اساس، دامنه تغییرات برای کارآیی مصرف آب بین 23/1 تا 61/0 گرم ماده خشک به ازای هر واحد مصرف آب به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای نور کامل (شاهد)+بدون ریزگرد و با شدت نوری صفر (بدون شدت نور مستقیم)+ریزگرد به‌دست آمد. در کل، نتایج نشان داد که رسوب ریزگردها روی سطح برگ گیاه نخود، عملکرد دانه این گیاه را معادل کاهش 50 درصدی شدت نور کاهش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی؛ کارآیی مصرف آب؛ کربوهیدرات‌های محلول

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