پاسخ بیوشیمیایی و رویشی چغندر برگی (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) به هم‌زیستی با میکوریزا در شرایط کم‌آبیاری

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 01 خرداد 1396

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v12i2.82271

نویسندگان

نسرین غفوری؛ فرزین عبدالهی^* ؛ عدنان صادقی لاری

دانشگاه هرمزگان

چکیده

هم‌زیستی و تلقیح با قارچ‌های میکوریزا از جمله راهکارهای نوین کشاورزی پایدار جهت تولید محصولات کشاورزی به‌ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک محسوب می‌شود. به­­منظور بررسی تأثیر کود زیستی میکوریزا بر برخی ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی و رویشی چغندر برگی (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) در شرایط کم‌آبیاری، آزمایشی به­صورت اسپیلت‌پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 97- 1396در دانشگاه هرمزگان اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل سطوح کم‌آبیاری به­عنوان فاکتور اصلی در سه سطح شامل آبیاری در 50، 75 و 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی، به‌ترتیب معادل با کم‌آبیاری شدید، کم‌آبیاری متوسط و شاهد و فاکتور فرعی شامل کود میکوریزا تلفیقی از سه گونه قارچ Glumos intraradices، G. mosseae و G. fasciculatum در چهار سطح صفر، 5، 10 و 20 گرم در مترمربع بود. صفات مورد بررسی شامل ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی (کلروفیل a، b و کل، کارایی فتوسیستم II و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز) و ویژگی‌های رویشی (وزن­تر و خشک اندام هوایی، شاخص سطح برگ نهایی و محتوای نسبی آب برگ) چغندر برگی بود. نتایج نشان داد که در هر سطح کود میکوریزا تیمار کم‌آبیاری باعث کاهش میزان کلروفیل برگ، شاخص سطح برگ، کارایی فتوسیستم II، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی در مقایسه با شاهد شد، به‌طوری‌که بیشترین کاهش مربوط به تیمار کم‌آبیاری شدید بود. در‌حالی‌که در شرایط کم‌آبیاری شدید فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز به‌طور معنی‌دار افزایش یافت. کاربرد سطوح 5 و 10 گرم در مترمربع کود میکوریزا در شرایط کم‌آبیاری باعث بهبود ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی و رویشی چغندر برگی شد، در‌حالی‌که افزایش کود میکوریزا به 20 گرم در مترمربع در اغلب موارد صفات مورد آزمایش به‌طور معنی‌دار در مقایسه با شاهد بدون کود میکوریزا کاهش یافتند. کاربرد 10 گرم کود میکوریزا باعث افزایش کلروفیل a، b و کل، فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز به‌ترتیب با 98/12، 56/70 26/30 و 01/75 درصد در مقایسه با شاهد شد. نتایج نشان داد که در شرایط کم‌آبیاری کود میکوریزا با بهبود صفات بیوشیمیایی شامل میزان کلروفیل برگ، کارایی فتوسیستم II و فعالیت کاتالاز احتمالاً از طریق افزایش فتوسنتز منجر به افزایش ویژگی‌های رویشی از جمله شاخص سطح برگ و در نتیجه وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی چغندر برگی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنش خشکی؛ کاتالاز؛ کارایی فتوسیستمII؛ کلروفیل؛ کود زیستی

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