بررسی ترکیب فیتوشیمیایی اسانس مرزه سهندی (Satureja sahandica Bornm.) در مراحل مختلف فنولوژیکی

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 1، دوره 8، شماره 1، تابستان 1395، صفحه 1-16  

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v8i1.45273

نویسندگان

حیران قمری¹؛ مهدی صیدی ¹؛ عظیم قاسم نژاد²؛ علیرضا قنبری³

¹دانشگاه ایلام

²دانشگاه گرگان

³دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

چکیده

مرزه سهندی (Satureja sahandica Bornm.) یکی از گیاهان خانواده نعناعیان و بومی ایران است که در شمال غرب و غرب کشور پراکندگی دارد. در تحقیق حاضر تأثیر زمان های مختلف برداشت بر عملکرد و ترکیب فیتوشیمیایی اسانس مرزه سهندی در رویشگاه طبیعی پاکل از توابع شهرستان ایلام، استان ایلام و یک نمونه کشت شده در گلخانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بخش های هوایی گیاهان در پایان هر ماه از فروردین تا شهریور ماه 1390 برداشت گردید. تجزیه واریانس داده ها نشان داد که زمان برداشت بر صفات مورد مطالعه تأثیر معنی داری در سطح احتمال یک درصد داشت. مقایسه میانگین بازدهی اسانس نمونه های وحشی نشان داد که بیشترین (42/0 درصد) و کمترین (19/0 درصد) عملکرد به ترتیب مربوط به اردیبهشت و شهریور بود. همچنین بیشترین (06/61 درصد) و کمترین (53/49 درصد) فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی به ترتیب مربوط به محصول شهریور و مرداد بود. از طرفی، بیشترین و کمترین محتوی فنل کل به ترتیب مربوط به شهریور (06/30 میلی گرم گالیک اسید بر میلی لیتر اسانس) و خرداد (41/14 میلی گرم گالیک اسید بر میلی لیتر اسانس) بود. تجزیه فیتوشیمیایی اسانس‌ها با کروماتوگرافی گازی (GC) و کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) 75 ترکیب مختلف را جداسازی کرد. بورنئول در تمامی مراحل مختلف برداشت ترکیب اصلی اسانس بود. به طور کلی، نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که اردیبهشت ماه به عنوان مناسب ترین زمان برداشت جهت دستیابی به بالاترین میزان اسانس، مرحله گلدهی کامل (شهریور) جهت دستیابی به بالاترین کیفیت اسانس از جمله درصد فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و محتوی فنل کل و تیر ماه جهت دستیابی به مهم-ترین جزء تشکیل دهنده اسانس (بورنئول) مرزه سهندی در رویشگاه آن در استان ایلام می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بورنئول؛ فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی؛ گیاهان دارویی؛ محتوی فنل کل

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