ارزیابی هزینه- اثربخشی سیاست اعطای کمک بلاعوض سامانه‌های آبیاری تحت فشار در حفاظت از منابع آب زیرزمینی

اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی

مقاله 7، دوره 33، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 44، مرداد 1398، صفحه 205-220   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jead2.v0i0.80152

نویسندگان

محمد علی روشن فر¹؛ حمید امیرنژاد^{* 1}؛ حامد نجفی علمدارلو²؛ بیژن نظری³

¹دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

²دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

³دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)

چکیده

برداشت بی‌رویه از منابع آب زیرزمینی در سال‌های اخیر موجب بدتر شدن وضعیت این منابع ارزشمند شده است. یکی از دشت‌های ممنوعه کشور که شاهد افت شدید سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی بوده است، دشت قزوین می‌باشد. امروزه سیاست‌های مختلفی به منظور حفاظت از منابع آب زیرزمینی در جهان رایج است. از جمله سیاست‌هایی که در کشور ما نیز برای صرفه‌جویی آب آبیاری و حفاظت منابع آب تأکید زیادی بر آن شده و در قانون برنامه پنجم توسعه نیز بدان اشاره شده است، اعطای کمک بلاعوض سامانه‌های آبیاری تحت فشار می‌باشد. در مطالعه حاضر تلاش شده است با تشکیل یک مدل ریاضی بهینه‌سازی پویا و معادله تعادل آب ‌زیرزمینی در آن تأثیر اجرای این سیاست بر صرفه‌جویی آب توسط کشاورزان و حفاظت آب زیرزمینی در دشت قزوین ارزیابی گردد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که با افزایش سهم پرداخت کمک بلاعوض سامانه آبیاری و در نتیجه بهبود کارایی آبیاری، مصرف کل آب سطحی و زیرزمینی در کل منطقه کاهش یافته و موجب صرفه‌جویی آب می‌شود. این نتیجه‌گیری برای پمپاژ آب زیرزمینی نیز صادق بود. لذا، اجرای این سیاست برای کاهش پمپاژ آب اثربخش تشخیص داده شد. از سوی دیگر، به علت کاهش نفوذ آب به عمق با افزایش سهم پرداخت دولت، کسری ذخیره آبخوان کاهش می‌یابد. به عبارت دیگر، اجرای این سیاست منجر به حفاظت از منابع آب زیرزمینی نمی‌شود و بررسی معیار هزینه- اثربخشی نشان داد که این سیاست برای حفاظت آب زیرزمینی اثربخش نمی‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سیاست کمک بلاعوض؛ سامانه آبیاری تحت فشار؛ هزینه- اثر بخشی؛ بهینه‌سازی پویا؛ دشت قزوین

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