ارزیابی شاخص های رشدی کرچک (Ricinus communis L.) تحت تأثیر تیمارهای مختلف کودی

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 3، دوره 8، شماره 1، تابستان 1395، صفحه 33-46  

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v8i1.51342

نویسندگان

پرویز رضوانی مقدم ؛ مهدی نصیری محلاتی ؛ سرور خرم دل

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

کاربرد کودهای زیستی در تولید گیاهان دارویی در نظام های کشاورزی پایدار با هدف حذف یا کاهش مصرف نهاده های شیمیایی و افزایش کیفیت و پایداری عملکرد از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار می باشد. به منظور مطالعه اثر کودهای بیولوژیکی و ورمی کمپوست بر رشد گیاه دارویی کرچک (Ricinus communis L.)، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال زراعی 88-1387 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل کودهای بیولوژیک نیتروکسین، باکتری حل کننده فسفات، ورمی‌کمپوست و شاهد بودند. ورمی کمپوست به میزان 10 تن در هکتار همزمان با عملیات آماده سازی زمین به خاک اضافه شد. تلقیح بذر با کودهای بیولوژیک قبل از کاشت انجام گردید. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل ارتفاع بوته و حداکثر میزان آنالیزهای رشد شامل شاخص سطح برگ، تجمع ماده خشک، سرعت رشد گیاه و سرعت اسیمیلاسیون خالص و قرائت کلروفیل‌متر کرچک بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای مختلف کودی باعث افزایش معنی دار (05/0p≤) ارتفاع گیاه و حداکثر میزان آنالیزهای رشدی شامل شاخص سطح برگ، میزان تجمع ماده خشک و سرعت رشد گیاه و قرائت کلروفیل متر در مقایسه با شاهد شد. ارتفاع گیاه در ورمی‌کمپوست نسبت به سایر تیمارهای کودی بیشتر بود. حداکثر و حداقل شاخص سطح برگ در 125 روز پس از سبز شدن به ترتیب برای تیمار ورمی‌کمپوست و شاهد برابر با 2/2 و 9/0 به دست آمد. بیشترین و کمترین مقادیر سرعت رشد محصول در 85 روز پس از سبز شدن به ترتیب در تیمار ورمی‌کمپوست و شاهد برابر 5/16 و 6/7 گرم در مترمربع در روز به دست آمد. به طور کلی، تیمارهای کودی با افزایش فراهمی عناصر غذایی و محتوی رطوبتی خاک باعث بهبود خصوصیات رشدی کرچک شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

باکتری حل کننده فسفات؛ شاخص سطح برگ؛ نیتروکسین؛ ورمی‌کمپوست

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