نقش تنش خشکی و کودهای فسفر و روی بر میزان عناصر و عملکرد اسانس بابونه آلمانی

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 16، دوره 29، شماره 4، اسفند 1394، صفحه 642-651   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhorts4.v29i4.35762

نویسندگان

میثم قائدی جشنی^* ؛ سید محسن موسوی نیک؛ جاسم امینی فر

دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثرات تنش خشکی وکودهای فسفر و روی بر میزان عناصر، صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد اسانس بابونه آلمانی رقم گورال، آزمایش اسپیلت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشگاه زابل در سال زراعی
92-1391 اجرا شد. تنش خشکی در سه سطح 75 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه (تنش ملایم)، 50 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه (تنش متوسط) و 25 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه (تنش شدید)، به عنوان عامل اصلی و سطوح کود سوپر فسفات تریپل در سه سطح صفر، 150 و 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار و سطوح کود سولفات روی در دو سطح (عدم مصرف) شاهد و 30 کیلوگرم در هکتار به عنوان عامل فرعی لحاظ شد. صفات اندازه گیری شامل: میزان پتاسیم، سدیم، روی، فسفر، کلروفیلa، کلروفیلb، نسبت کلروفیل a/b و میزان اسانس بود. نتایج حاکی از اثر معنی‌دار تنش خشکی بر میزان اسانس و دیگر صفات (به جزء میزان روی و فسفر) بود، به طوری که با افزایش تنش میزان اسانس افزایش یافت. کود فسفر نیز بر میزان سدیم، روی، فسفر و عملکرد اسانس در سطح احتمال یک درصد و بر میزان پتاسیم، کلروفیل a و کلروفیل b در سطح پنج درصد معنی‌دار بود. همچنین کود روی بر میزان فسفر، کلروفیلb و نسبت کلروفیل a/b در سطح یک درصد و بر میزان روی و عملکرد اسانس در سطح پنج درصد معنی دار بود. کاربرد کود فسفر تا میزان 150 کیلوگرم و کود روی به میزان 30 کیلوگرم در هکتار باعث افزایش میزان صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد اسانس شد. بنابراین با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش به نظر می‌رسد که آبیاری بر اساس50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی با مصرف 150 کیلوگرم کود فسفر و 30 کیلوگرم کود روی در هکتار، می‌تواند باعث بهبود عملکرد اسانس بابونه آلمانی گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بابونه؛ صفات فیزیولوژیک؛ عملکرد؛ کمبود آب؛ کود

مراجع

1- Abreu I. N., and Mazzafera P. 2005. Effect of water and temperature stress on the content of active advances in medicinal. Aromatic and Spice crop, 2: 413-416.

2- Agnew C., and warren A. 1996. A framework for tackling drought land degradatipn. Journal of Arid Environments, 33: 310-320.

3-Akhondi M., Safarnejad A., and Lahooti M. 2006. Effects of drought stress on proline accumulation and element changes Yazdi, Nickshahri and Ranger alfalfa. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural resources, 10(1): 165-174. (in Persian with English abstract)

4-Andalibi B., Zehtab Salmasi S., Ghasemi Gholezani K., and Saba J. 2011. Changes in essential oil yield and composition at different parts of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) under limited irrigation conditions. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science, 21(2): 10-22.

5-Arazmjo A., heidari M., and Ghanbari A. 2009. The effect of water stress and three sources of fertilizers on flower yield, physiological parameters and nutrient uptake in chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic plants, 25(4): 482-494. (in Persian with English abstract)

6- Arnon A. N. 1967. Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal, 23:112-121.

7-Ashraf My., Ala S.A., Bhatti As. 1998. Hutritional imbalance in Wheat genotypes growth at soil water stress. Plant Physiology, 20:307-310.

8- Baher Z.F., Mirza M., Ghorbani M., and Rezaii M.B. 2002. The influence of water stress on plant height, herbal and essential oil yield and composition in Satureja hortensis L. Journal Flavour Fragrance, 17: 275-277.

9- Baybordi A. 2006. Zinc in soils and crop nutrition. Parivar Press, First Edition, 179 pp.

10- Bhatt R.M., and Srinivasa-Rao N.K. 2005. Influence of pod load on response of okra to water stress. Indian Journal Plant Physiology, 10: 54-59.

11-Bowler C., Van Montagu M., and Inze, D. 1992. Superoxide dismutaze and stress tolerance. Plant Physiology, 43:83-116.

12- Bremner J. M., and Mulvaney C.S. 1982. Nitrogen-total In: A. L. Pege., R.H. Miller, and O. R. Keeney (eds) Methods of Soil analysis Part 2 Ned. Edn. Agronomy and Crops Research, 71: 83-116.

13- Cakmak I. 2009. Enrichment of fertilizers with zinc: An excellent investment for humanity and crop production in India. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 23:(4) 281-298.

14-Dadkhah A., Amini Dahaghi M., and Kafee M. 2012. Effect of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative yield of German chamomile. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 10(2): 321-326. (in Persian with English abstract)

15-Davazdehemami S., and Majnunhossini, N. 2008. Cultivation and Production of Some Medical and Aromatic Plants. University of Tehran publication, Tehran, Iran.

16-Disante K.B., Fuentes D., and Cortina J. 2010. Response to drought of Zn-stressed Quercus suber L. Seedlings. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 70:96-103.

17-Draikewicz M. 1994. Chlorophylase occurrence functions, mechanism of action, effect of extra and internal factors. Phtosyth, 30: 321-337.

18-Kasim W.A. 2007. Physiological consequences of structural and ultra-structural changes induced by Zn stress in Phaseolus vulgaris. Growth and Photosynthetic apparatus. International Journal of Botany, 3(1):15-22.

19-Kulmala A. 2012. Nutrient balance. Available at: http://www.balticdeal.eu/measure/nutrient-balance/

20- Lal P., Chhipa B.R., and Kumar A. 1993. Salt affected soil and crop production: a modern synthesis. Agro Botanical Publishers, India.

21- Lalande R., Gagnon B., Simard R.R., and Cote D. 2000. Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity following liquid hog manure in a long term field trial. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 80: 263-269.

22- Letchamo W., Marquard R., Holz J., and Gosselin A. 1994. Effects of water supply and light intensity on growth and essential oil of two Thymus vulgaris selections. Angewandte Botanik, 68: 83-88.

23- Lopes A.S. 1996. Soils under Cerrado:a Success Story in Soil management In: IFA278 references (eds) IFA-PPI Regional Conference for Latin America and the Caribbean. International Fertilizer Industry Association, Paris, 10 (2):1-10.

24- Malakouti M.J., and Tehrani M.M. 2001. Effects of micronutrients on the yield and quality of agricultural products. Micro-nutrients with macro-nutrients. (2nd edition). Tarbiat Modarres University Press, Iran.

25-Mihalovic N., Lazarevic M., Dzeletoric Z., Vuckoric M., and Durde, Vic. M. 1997. Chlorophyllas activity in Wheat leaves during drought and its dependence on the nitrogen ion from applied. Plant Science, 129: 141-146.

26- Misra A., and Srivasstava N.K. 2000. Influence of water stress on Japanese Mint. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plant, 7 (1): 51-58.

27- Mohammadkhani N., and Heidari R. 2007. Effects of water stress on respiration, photosynthetic pigments and water content in tow Maize cultivar. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 10 (22): 4022-4028.

28- Movahhedy-Dehnavy M., Modarres-Sanavy S.A.M., and Mokhtassi-Bidgoli A. 2009. Foliar application of zinc and manganese improves seed yield and quality of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) grown under water deficit stress. Industrial Crops and Products, 30: 82-92.

29- Munns R. 1993. Physiological process limiting plant growth in saline soil: some dogmas and hypotheses. Plant, Cell and Environment, 16: 15-24.

30- Munns R., and James R. A. 2003. Screening methods for salinity tolerance: a case study with tetraploid wheat. Plant and Soil, 253: 201-218.

31-Omidbeygi R. 1995. Approaches of Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants (Volume 1). Behnashr Publication, Tehran, Iran.

32-Omidbeygi R. 2006. Approaches of Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants (Volume 2). Behnashr Publication, Tehran, Iran.

33- Peck A.W., and McDonald G.K. 2010. Adequate zinc nutrition alleviates the adverse effects of heat stress in bread wheat. Plant and Soil, 337:355-374.

34- Praszna L., and Bernath J. 1993. Correlation between the limited level of nutrition and the Essential oil production of peppermint. Acta Horticulturae, 307: 278-283.

35-Roghani A., Ibrahimi A., and Karimian N. 2002. The effect of phosphorus and zinc on growth and chemical composition of corn. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural resources, 6(1): 105-118. (in Persian with English abstract)

36-Safee Khani F., Heidari Sharif Abad M., Siadat S.A., Sharifi Ashurabadi A., Siaednejad S.M., and Abbas Zadeh B. 2007. Effect of drought stress on essential oil percentage and yield and physiological characteristics of dracocephalum moldavica. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic plants, 23(1): 86-99. (in Persian with English abstract)

37-Sairam R.K., Deshmukh P.S., and Saxna D.C. 1998. Role of antioxidant systems in Wheat genotype tolerance to water stress. Biologia Plantrum, 41(3): 387-394.

38- Salamon I. 1992. Chamomile: A Medicinal Plant The Herb, Spice, and Medicinal Plant Digest, 10 (1): 345-354.

39-Salemi H., and Afuni D. 2005. The effect of deficit irrigation on seed yield components of new wheat cultivars. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural resources, 12(3): 11-20. (in Persian with English abstract)

40- Sanchez-Blanco J., Fernandez T., Morales A., Morte A., and Alarcon J. J. 2006. Variation in water stress, gas exchange, and growth in Rosmainus officinakis plants infected with Glasmus deserticola under drouht conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology, 161: 675-682.

41- Sharafi S., Tajbakhsh M., Majidi M., and Pourmirza A. 2002. Effect of iron and zinc fertilizer on yield and yield components of two forage corn cultivars in Urmia. Journal Soil and Water, 12: 85-94 (in Farsi with English abstract).

42- Sharma M., Goldberg A., and Brinckmann J. 2004. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commision constituents of Hypericum brasiliense Choisy. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 43: 241–248.

43-Solinas V., and Deiana S. 1996. Effect of water and nutritional conditions on the Rosmarinus officinalis L. phenolic fraction and essential oil yields. Journal Italian Eppos, 19: 189-198.

44- Sreevalli Y., Baskaran K., Chandrashekara R., kuikkarni R., Sushil Hasan S., Samresh D. Kukre J., Ashok A., Sharmar Singh K., Srikant S., and Rakesh T. 2001. Preliminary observations on the effect of irrigation frequency and genotypes on yield and alkaloid concentration in petriwinkle. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science, 22: 356-358.

45-Tavallali V., Rahemi M., Eshghi S, Kholdebarin B and Ramezanian A. 2010. Zinc alleviates salt stress and increases antioxidant enzyme activity in the leaves of pistachio (Pistacia vera L. 'Badami') seedlings. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 34(4):349-359.

46- Wahab J., and Larson G. 2002. Herb agronomy. Annual Review of Saskatche wan Irrigation Diversification Center. Canada, 119 p.

47- Yordanov V., and Tsoev T. 2000. Plant responses to drought, acclimation and stress tolerance. Photosynthica, 38: 171-186.

48- Zhu G. Y., Kinett J. M., and Lutts S. 2001. Characterizations of rice (Oryza sativa L.) F3 populations selected for salt resistance, I Physiological behavior during vegetative, Euphytica 121, (3): 251-263.