ارزیابی تأثیر ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک بر رشد بنه‌ زعفران(Crocus sativus L.) در شهرستان تربت حیدریه

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 9، دوره 8، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 27، فروردین 1395، صفحه 120-133   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v8i1.48511

نویسندگان

فریبا زرقانی؛ علیرضا کریمی کارویه^* ؛ رضا خراسانی؛ امیر لکزیان

گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

چکیده

زعفران (Crocus sativus L.)، یکی از گیاهان مهم اقتصادی ایران و جهان است. استان های خراسان رضوی و جنوبی مهم‌ترین مناطق کشت زعفران در ایران هستند. با وجود اهمیت این گیاه، تاکنون پژوهش‌های اندکی درباره تأثیر ویژگی‌های خاک بر رشد این گیاه انجام شده است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش ارزیابی تأثیر ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک بر رشد بنه‌های زعفران بود. برای این منظور، 30 نمونه بنه زعفران از مزارع سه تا پنج ساله شهرستان تربت‌حیدریه با مدیریت زراعی تقریباً مشابه و یکسان، در شهریور ماه 1391 جمع‌آوری گردید. همچنین، از خاک محدوده رشد بنه‌ها (عمق صفر تا 30 سانتی‌متر) نمونه‌برداری شد. برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک شامل نیتروژن کل، فسفر فراهم، پتاسیم قابل استفاده، کلسیم، منیزیم، سدیم pH و هدایت الکتریکی در عصاره اشباع خاک، آهن، مس و روی قابل عصاره‌گیری با DTPA، کربن آلی خاک، کربنات کلسیم معادل و درصد ذرات شن و سیلت و رس خاک تعیین گردید. قطر و وزن تر و خشک بنه زعفران و مقدار کل آهن، مس و روی اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که همبستگی بین ویژگی‌های خاک با قطر و وزن خشک بنه ضعیف بود که نشان‌دهنده وجود روابط غیرخطی بین ویژگی‌های رشدی بنه و ویژگی‌های خاک بود. به ‌همین دلیل، از شبکه عصبی پرسپترون چند لایه، روابط بین پارامترهای خاک و بنه زعفران تعیین گردید. نتایج شبکه عصبی پیشنهادی حاکی از 94 درصد رابطه قطر بنه زعفران و 92 درصد رابطه وزن خشک بنه زعفران را با ویژگی‌های خاک بود. نتایج آنالیز حساسیت دو مدل شبکه عصبی نشان داد که هدایت الکتریکی، روی، نیتروژن، pH، فسفر، پتاسیم و درصد سنگریزه خاک مهم‌ترین ویژگی‌های مؤثر بر وزن خشک بنه و ویژگی‌های درصد شن، عنصر مس، درصد سیلت، درصد رس، هدایت الکتریکی، SAR، روی و فسفر خاک، به ترتیب، مهم‌ترین ویژگی‌های مؤثر بر قطر بنه زعفران بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنالیز حساسیت؛ شبکه عصبی؛ مدل‌سازی؛ وزن بنه

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