بررسی ارتباط خصوصیات خاک و عوامل اقلیمی با پراکنش علف‌های هرز در مزارع گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) استان کرمانشاه

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 3، دوره 8، شماره 2، آبان 1395، صفحه 197-211  

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v8i2.37008

نویسندگان

مژگان ویسی ¹؛ حمید رحیمیان مشهدی²؛ حسن علیزاده²؛ مهدی مین باشی³؛ مصطفی اویسی²

¹مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی کرمانشاه

²دانشگاه تهران پردیس کشاورزی و منایع طبیعی کرج

³موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور بخش تحقیقات علف های هرز

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر عوامل اقلیمی و خاکی بر پراکنش علف های هرز مطالعه‌ای در 85 مزرعه گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) آبی بر اساس سطح زیر کشت این محصول در 11 شهرستان استان کرمانشاه طی سال‌های 91-1390 انجام شد. مجموعاً 162 گونه علف‌هزر متعلق به 33 خانواده گیاهی در این مزارع شناسایی شد. با استفاده از آنالیز چند متغیره همبستگی کانونی (CCA)، ارتباط پراکنش گونه های علف‌هزر با عوامل خاک (pH، کلسیم، منیزیم، فسفر، نیتروژن، پتاسیم، سدیم، درصد رس، شن و سیلت در بافت خاک، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی خاک و هدایت الکتریکی) و عوامل اقلیمی بررسی شد. مؤلفه اول و دوم در سال 1391 بیش از 64% واریانس پراکنش گونه‌ها را تحت تأثیر فاکتورهای اقلیمی توصیف کردند. یولاف وحشی زمستانه (Avena ludoviciana Dur.)، چچم (Lolium rigidum Gaud.)، خردل وحشی (Sinapis arvensis L.) و علف قناری (Phalaris brachystacys Link.) در مناطقی از استان که درجه حرارت بالا و ارتفاع از سطح دریا پایینی داشتند، از پراکنش وسیعی برخوردار بودند. تبخیر زیاد باعث افزایش علف های هرز جودره (Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch.)، بی تی راخ (Galium tricornutum Dandy.) و ماشک مریوانی (Vicia assyriaca Boiss.) طی ده ساله اخیر شد. خاک های با میزان نیتروژن و فسفر بالا، از جمعیت بالای علف‌هزر جودره در مزارع گندم برخوردار بودند. پیچک صحرایی (Convolvulus arvensis L.) و گلرنگ وحشی (Carthamus oxycantha M. B.) در خاک های رسی وفور بیشتری داشتند. تراکم بی تی راخ در خاک های قلیایی و شنی بیشتر از مناطق دیگر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنالیز همبستگی کانونی (CCA)؛ تبخیر؛ فراوانی

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