Study on the Effect of Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) Allelopathy on Germination and Seedling Growth of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

Article 13, Volume 28, Issue 4 - Serial Number 29, December 2015, Pages 532-538   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/jpp.v28i4.22542

Authors

Mohammad Sedghi^{* 1}; S. Gholi Toluie²; Mohammad Rezaei¹

¹University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

²University of Tabriz

Abstract

In order to identification of allelopathic compounds and investigation of the effect of aerial part extract of orchard grass on germination and seedling growth of alfalfa an experiment conducted as completely randomized design with four replications at University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran. Treatments were concentrations of orchard grass extracts including 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. Radicle and plumule length, fresh weight of seedling, percentage and rate of germination were measured. Results showed that with increasing extract concentration there was a reduction trend in all studied traits (except of seedling fresh weight and plumule length which increased at lower concentrations and then declined). The highest content of allelopathic substances related to phenolic compounds (7.98 and 13.91 mg in root and shoot, respectively). Plumule length and seedling fresh weight increased at the concentrations between 23 to 26% and after then reduced sharply and prevented completely at 100% concentration. All the traits reached to zero at 100% concentration. Orchard grass allelopathic substances inhibited the germination and growth of alfalfa seeds at higher concentrations.

Keywords

Allelopathy; extract; Germination; Weed

References

1- بابایی س.، علی زاده ح.، نصرتی ا.، دیانتی م.، و فرخی ز. 1390. تأثیر آللوپاتیک عصاره چاودار روی مولفه های جوانه زنی بذر و رشد گیاهچه چند گونه علف هرز. مجله علوم گیاهان زراعی ایران. 3: 483-475.

2- پیرزاد ع.، قاسمیان و.، سید شریفی ر.، صدقی م.، و هادی ه. 1391. بررسی اثر عصاره آبی مریم‌گلی (Salvia officinalis) و درمنه (Artemisia sieberi) روی جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه تاج‌خروس (Amaranthus retroflexus). نشریه حفاظت گیاهان (علوم و صنایع کشاورزی). 26(2): 145- 151.

3- صمدانی ب.، و باغستانی م. 1384. اثرات آللوپاتیک گونه های مختلف درمنه (Artemisia spp) روی جوانه زنی بذور و رشد گیاهچه یولاف وحشی (Avena ludoviciana). مجله پژوهش و سازندگی. 68: 74-69.

4- غلامی ع.، و مظاهری م. 1375. بررسی اثر آللوپاتیک گیاهان پوششی بر جوانه زنی و رشد اولیه سورگوم. مقالات چهارمین کنگره زراعت و اصلاح نباتات. صفحه 198.

5- کریمی ه. 1386. زراعت و اصلاح گیاهان علوفه ای. چاپ هشتم. انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.

6- Ben-Hammouda M., Ghorbal H., Kremer R.J,. and Oueslati O. 2001. Allelopathic effects of barley extracts on germination and seedling growth of bread and durum wheat, Agronomie, 21:65-71.

7- Brown P.D., and Morra M.J. 1996. Hydrolysis products of glucosinolates in Brassica napus tissues as inhibitors of seed germination, Plant and Soil, 181:307-316.

8- Davis A.M. 1981. The Oxalate, Tannin, Crude fiber, and crude protein composition of young plants of some atriplex species, Journal of Rangeland Management, 34: 329 – 331.

9- El-Darier S.M., and Youssef R.S. 2007. Does salinity enhance allelopathic effects of Tribulus terrestris L. in watermelon agro-ecosystems at Nobaria, Egypt? El-Minia Science Bulletin, 18: 307- 328.

10- Ellis R.A., and Roberts E.H. 1981. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds, Seed Science and Technology, 9: 373-409.

11- Gibson L., and Liebman M. 2003. A Laboratory Exercise for Teaching Plant Interference and Relative Growth Rate Concepts, Weed Technology, 17: 394-402.

12- Harvey R.G., and Linscott J.J. 1978. Ethylene Production in Soil Containing Quackgrass Rhizomes and Other Plant Materials, Journal of Soil Science Society of America, 5:721-724.

13- Iftikhar Hussain M., Gonzalez-Rodriguez L. and Reigosa M.J. 2008. Germination and growth response of four plant species to different allelochemicals and herbicides, Allelopathy Journal, 22(1):101-110.

14- Kommedahl T., Kotheimer J.B., and Bernardini J.V. 1959. The effects of quackgrass on germination and seedling development of certain crop plants, Weeds, 7:1-12.

15- Labbafy M.R., Maighany F., Hejazy A., Khalaj H., Baghestani A.M., Allahdady I., and Mehrafarin A. 2009. Study of allelopathic interaction of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereal L.) using Equal-Compartment-Agar method, Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1(2): 25-28.

16- Levin D.A. 1976. The chemical defenses of plants to pathogens and herbivores, Annual Review in Ecological Systems, 7:121-159.

17- Osvald H. 1950. Root exudates and seed germination, Annals of the Royal Agricultural College Uppsala Sweden, 16:789-796.

18- Peters E.J. 1968. Toxicity of tall fescue to rape and birdsfoot trefoil seed and seedlings, Crop Science, 8:650-653.

19- Pirzad A., Ghasemian V., Darvishzadeh R., Sedghi M., Hassani A., and Onofri A. 2010. Allelopathy of Sage and White Wormwood on Purslane Germination and Seedling Growth, Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 2 (3): 91-95.

20- Rice E.L .1984. Allelopathy, Second Edition. Academic Press, Inc, Orlando.

21- Schreiner O., and Reed H.S. 1907. The production of deleterious excretions by roots, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 34:279-303.

22- Toai T.V., and Linscott D.L. 1979. Phytotoxic Effects of Decaying Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Residues, Weed Science, 27: 6.