اثر غلظت نیتروژن بقایا و گذشت زمان بر دینامیک بقایای گیاه یونجه (Medicago sativa L.) در مناطق با شرایط آب و هوایی مختلف

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 2، دوره 8، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 29، مهر 1395، صفحه 397-416   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v8i3.40115

نویسندگان

سعید شفیعی^* ؛ احمد گلچین؛ مجمد امیر دلاور

گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران

چکیده

توازن کربن در بوم نظام های زمینی از اختلاف بین کربن ورودی از طریق بقایای گیاهی و برگشت کربن به اتمسفر از طریق تجزیه مواد آلی تعیین می گردد و تجزیه مواد آلی خود توسط عوامل زنده و غیرزنده مانند کیفیت بقایا و شرایط اقلیمی کنترل می شود. بر این اساس هدف این پژوهش بررسی معدنی شدن کربن بقایای گیاه یونجه (Medicago sativa L.) در شرایط آب و هوایی مختلف می باشد. برای این منظور آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات در زمان بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه شرایط آب و هوایی اجرا گردید و اثر شرایط آب و هوایی از طریق تجزیه مرکب آنالیز شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل منطقه در سه سطح (جیرفت، نراب و ساردوئیه)، غلظت نیتروژن بقایا در سه سطح (کم، متوسط و زیاد) و زمان نمونه برداری در چهار سطح (دو، چهار، شش و هشت ماه پس از شروع آزمایش) بود. تعیین اقلیم به روش تحلیل خوشه ای و آزمایش به روش کیسه لاشبرگ انجام گردید و کیف های کلش در سطح خاک قرار داده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که منطقه، غلظت نیتروژن بقایا و زمان نمونه برداری تأثیر معنی داری بر مقدار کربن باقیمانده، هدررفت و ثابت سرعت تجزیه کربن داشت. اثرات متقابل مناطق و گذشت زمان تأثیر معنی داری بر کربن باقیمانده و ثابت سرعت تجزیه کربن داشت. به طوری که بیشترین کربن باقیمانده در منطقه جیرفت و بیشترین ثابت سرعت تجزیه کربن در منطقه ساردوئیه اندازه گیری شد. در منطقه جیرفت علی رغم بالاتر بودن دما هدررفت و ثابت سرعت تجزیه کربن کمتر از منطقه ساردوئیه بود، به دلیل مناسب بودن دما در ماه های فروردین تا آبان ماه در مناطق مورد مطالعه به نظر می رسد رطوبت در طی این ماه ها فاکتور مهمی برای تجزیه بقایای گیاهی است و در منطقه ساردوئیه در طی هشت ماه 6/30 درصد هدررفت کربن وجود داشت. در هر سه منطقه بیشترین ثابت سرعت تجزیه کربن در ماه های فروردین و اردیبهشت مشاهده شد. افزون بر این، با افزایش غلظت نیتروژن بقایا، کربن باقیمانده کاهش و هدررفت و ثابت سرعت تجزیه کربن افزایش یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سرعت تجزیه بقایا؛ شرایط آب و هوایی؛ هدررفت کربن

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