تأثیر قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی و محلول‌پاشی اسپرمیدین بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس سه توده‏ زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 2، دوره 8، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 30، دی 1395، صفحه 521-535   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v8i4.40538

نویسندگان

سارا باختری؛ غلامرضا خواجوئی نژاد^* ؛ قاسم محمدی نژاد

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر قطع آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی و محلول‌پاشی با اسپرمیدین بر درصد، عملکرد و میزان ترکیبات اسانس توده‏های مختلف زیره‌سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.) آزمایشی به صورت طرح کرت‌های دوبار خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان در سال زراعی 93-1392 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل آبیاری در دو سطح (1- آبیاری کامل و 2- قطع آبیاری در شروع مرحله گلدهی) به عنوان فاکتور اصلی، محلول‌پاشی اسپرمیدین در سه سطح (صفر، یک و دو میلی‌مولار) به عنوان فاکتور فرعی و اکوتیپ زیره در سه سطح (1- کرمان، 2- خراسان و 3- اصفهان) به عنوان فاکتور فرعی فرعی بود. در این پژوهش، درصد، عملکرد و ترکیبات موجود در اسانس زیره‌سبز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که درصد و عملکرد اسانس به طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آبیاری و توده‌های مختلف زیره‌سبز قرار گرفت ولی محلول‌پاشی اسپرمیدین تأثیر معنی‌داری بر این صفات نداشت. تیمار قطع آبیاری باعث افزایش درصد و کاهش عملکرد اسانس نسبت به شرایط آبیاری کامل شد. نتایج حاکی از تأثیرپذیری بیشتر عملکرد اسانس از عملکرد دانه نسبت به درصد اسانس بود. هر دو صفت درصد و عملکرد اسانس در توده‌های کرمان و خراسان به طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از توده اصفهان بود. بیشترین میزان اسانس (92/14 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار محلول‌پاشی یک میلی‌مولار و برای توده خراسان حاصل شد و کمترین میزان این صفت (87/6 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار عدم محلول‌پاشی برای توده اصفهان به دست آمد. ترکیبات β-Pinene، p-Cymene، γ-Terpinene، Cuminaldehyde، p-Mentha-1,4-dien-7-ol و ɣ-Terpinene-7-al بخش اصلی اجزاء اسانس را در توده‌های مختلف زیره‌سبز شامل شدند. در دو توده کرمان (30/29 درصد) و خراسان (70/32 درصد) ترکیب Cuminaldehyde و در توده اصفهان ترکیب ɣ-Terpinene-7-al (40/23 درصد) بیشترین درصد را در بین کل اجزاء اسانس به خود اختصاص دادند. به طور کلی، دو توده کرمان و خراسان از نظر ترکیبات اسانس شباهت بیشتری نشان دادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ترپینن؛ ترکیبات اسانس؛ تنش خشکی؛ کومین آلدهید؛ گیاه دارویی

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