Study of Allelopatic Mechanism of Ferula flabelliloba Aquatic Extract in Germinating Alyssum szivitsianum Seeds

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

Article 9, Volume 29, Issue 1 - Serial Number 30, March 2015, Pages 134-143   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/jpp.v29i1.33455

Author

Gh. Taheri^*

Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur

Abstract

Some reports indicated that terpenoides allochemicals material induced oxidative stresses during seed germination phase. α-pinnen, as one of important allechemical monoterpenoids, reported from species of several plant family and especially Ferula flabelliloba from Apiaceae. In order to investigate the allelopatic effect of F. flabelliloba and the time of sampling on physiological and biochemical processes during seed germination of A. szivitsianum a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replication. The first factor was allelopatic materials in three levels including 10% leaf aquatic extract of F. flabelliloba (gathered in vegetative period), 5 mg L-1 α-pinnen and control and the second factor was time of sampling in 5 levels including sampling in 24,48,72,96 and 120 hour after imbibitions. Results showed that, both leaf aquatic extract of F. flabelliloba and α-pinnen solution decreased A. szivitsianum seed germination and viability. The velocity of seed losses viability was faster in the seeds exposed in plant extract. The amount of solute leakage, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde increased in seeds treated with allelochemical materials. In addition, the activities of the antioxidative enzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbare peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase affected by allelochemicals and time of sampling. The highest activities of antioxidative enzymes and H2O2 concentration were measured in seeds that germinated under plant water extract and sampled after 120 hours. My results demonstrated that despite the activation of antioxidant system by F. flabelliloba phytotoxin and α-pinnen, reactive oxygen species accumulation caused cellular damage, which resulted in the decrease of seed viability. It seems that the increased level of scavenging enzymes indicated their induction as a defence mechanism in response to allelochemicals.

Keywords

Electrolyte leakage; Enzyme; Germination; Lipid peroxidation; oxidative stress

References

1- الهی فرد ا. و راشدمحصل م.ح. 1389. بررسی پتانسیل دگرآسیبی اندام‌های هوایی سویا (Glysine max) بر جوانه زنی و رشد اولیه چند گونه علف هرز. نشریه پژوهشهای زراعی ایران، جلد 8، شماره 2: 367-359.

2- اروجی ک.، خزاعی ح.ر.، راشدمحصل م.ح.، قربانی ر.، و عزیزی ارانی م. 1378. بررسی اثرات آللوپاتی آفتابگردان (Helianthus annus) بر جوانه زنی و رشد علفهای هرز تاج خروس ریشه قرمز (Amaranthus retroflexus) و سلمه تره (Chenopodium album). مجله حفاظت گیاهان (علوم و صنایع کشاورزی)،22:128-119.

3- Abrahim D., Braguini W.L., Kelmer-Bracht A.M.,and Ishii-Iwamoto E.L. 2000. Effects of four monoterpenes on germination, primary root growth, and mitochondrial respiration of maize. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 26:611–624.

4- Angelini L.G., Carpanese G., Cioni P.L., Morelli I., Macchia M., and Flamni G. 2003. Essential oils from Mediterranean Lamiaceae as weed germination inhibitors. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51: 6158–6164.

5- Aono M., Saji H., Fujiyama K., Sugita M., Kondo N., and Tanaka K. 1995. Decrease in activity of glutathione reductase enhances paraquat sensitivity in transgenic Nicotina tabacum. Plant Physiology, 107: 645–648.

6- Bais H.P., Vepachedu R., Gilroy S., Callaway R.M., and Vivanco J.M. 2003. Allelopathy and exotic plant invasion: from molecules and genes to species interactions. Science, 301: 1377–1380.

7- Beauchamp C., and Fridovich I. 1971. Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry, 44: 276–286.

8- Becana M., Dalton D.A., Moran J.F., Iturbe-Ormaetxe I., Matamoros M.A., and Rubio M.C. 2000. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in legume nodules. Physiologia Plantarum, 109: 372–381.

9- Berenbaum M.R. 1995. The chemistry of defense: the theory and practice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 92: 2–8.

10- Blokhina O., Virolainen E., and Fagerstedt K.V. 2003. Antioxidants, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress: a review. Annals of Botany, 91: 179–194.

11- Cakmak I., and Marschner H. 1992. Magnesium deficiency and high light intensity enhance activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase in bean leaves. Plant Physiology, 98: 1222–1227.

12- Dayan F.E., Romagni J.G., and Duke S.O. 2000. Investigating the mode of action of natural phytotoxins. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 20: 2079–2093.

13- Duke S.O., Dayan F.E., Romagni J.G., and Rimando A.M. 2000. Natural products as sources of herbicides: current status and future trends. Weed Research (Oxford), 40: 99–111.

14- Facchini P.J. 1999. Plant secondary metabolism out of evolutionary abyss. Trends in Plant Science, 4: 381–418.

15- Foyer C.H., and Halliwell B. 1976. Presence of glutathione and glutathione reductase in chloroplasts: A proposed role in ascorbic acid metabolism. Planta, 133: 21–25.

16- Foyer C.H., Lopez-Delgado H., Dat J.F., and Scott I.M. 1997. Hydrogen peroxide- and glutathione-associated mechanisms of acclamatory stress tolerance and signaling. Physiologia Plantarum, 100: 241–254.

17- Hadacek F. 2002. Secondary metabolites as plant traits: current assessment and future perspectives. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 21: 273–322.

18- Harrewijn P., Van Oosten A.M., and Piron P.M. 2001. Natural terpenoids as messengers: A multidisciplinary study of their production, biological functions and practical applications. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

19- Heath R.L., and Packer L. 1968. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 125: 189–198.

20- Khalaj Amiri M., and Azimi M.H. 2013. Allelopathy: physiological and Sustainable Agriculture Important Aspects, International journal of Agronomy and Plant Production. 4 (5): 950-962.

21- Langenheim J.H. 1994. Higher plant terpenoids: a phytocentric overview of their ecological roles. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 20: 1223–1280.

22- Lara-nuñez A., Romero-Romero T., Ventura J., Blancas V., Anaya A., and Cruz-Ortega R. 2006. Allelochemical stress causes inhibition of growth and oxidative damage in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., Plant, Cell and Environment,29: 2009–2016.

23- Lorenzo P., Pazos- Malvido E., Gonzales L., and Reigosa M. G. 2008. Allelopatic interference of invasive Acacia dealbata: Physiological effects. Allelopathy Journal, 22 (2): 452-462.

24- Mittler R., Vanderauwera S., Gollery M., and Van Breusegem F. 2004. Reactive oxygen gene network of plants. Trends in Plant Science, 9: 490–498.

25- Moore R.R. 1973. Tetrazolium staining for assessing seed quality, pp. 347- 367, in W. Heydecker (ed.) seed Ecology, Butter Worths, London.

26- Muller W.H., and Muller C.H. 1964. Volatile growth inhibitors produced by Salvia species. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 91: 327–330.

27- Nakano Y., and Asada K. 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology, 22: 867–880.

28- Nishida N., Tamotsu S., Nagata N., Saito C., and Sakai A. 2005. Allelopathic effects of volatile monoterpenoids produced by Salvia leucophylla: Inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in the root apical meristem of Brassica campestris seedlings. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 31: 1187–1203.

29- Noctor G., and Foyer C.H. 1998. Ascorbate and glutathione: keeping active oxygen under control. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 49: 249–279.

30- O’Kane D., Gill V., Boyd P., and Burdon R. 1996. Chilling, oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in Arabidopsis thaliana callus. Planta, 198:371–377.

31- Oracz K., Bailly C.H., Gniazdowska A., Come D., Corbineau F., and Bogatek R. 2007. Induction of oxidative stress by sunflower phytotoxins in germinating mustard seeds, Journal of Chemical Ecology, 33:251–264

32- Paavolainen L., Kitunen V., and Smolander A. 1998. Inhibition of nitrification in forest soils by monoterpenes. Plant and Soil, 205: 147–154.

33- Peñuelas J., Ribas-Carbo M., and Giles L. 1996. Effect of allelochemicals on plant respiration and oxygen isotope fractionation by alternative oxidase. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 22:801–805.

34- Plitycka B. 1998. Phenolic and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia Lyase, phenol- β glucosyl- transferase and β- glucosidase in cucumber roots as affected by phenolics allelochemicals. Acta Physiolia Plantarum, 20: 405-410.

35- Razavi S.M. 2011. Plants coumarin as allelochemical agents, international journal of biological chemistry, 5 (1): 86-90.

36- Romagni J.G., Allen S.N., and Dayan F.E. 2000. Allelopathic effects of volatile Cineoles on two weedy plant species. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 26: 303–313.

37- Romero- Romero T., Sanchez-Nieto S., San Juan-Badillo A., Anaya A.L., and Cruz- Ortega R. 2005. Comparative effects of allelochemical and water stress in roots of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (Solanaceae). Plant Science, 168: 1059-1066.

38- Romero-Puertas M.C., Corpas F.J., Sandalio L.M., Leterrier M., Rodriguez-Serrano M., Del Rio L.A., and Palma JM. 2006. Glutathione reductase from pea leaves: response to abiotic stress and characterization of the peroxisomal isozyme. New Phytologist, 170: 43–52.

39- Rustaiyan A., Monfared A., and Masoudi Sh. 2001. The essential oil of Ferula flabelliloba Rech. f. et Aell., Journal of Essential Oil Research, 13 (6): 403-404.

40- Sahebkar A., and Iranshahi M. 2010. Biological activities of essential oils from the genus Ferula (Apiaceae). Asian Biomedicine, 4 (6): 835-847.

41- Scrivanti L.R., Zunino M., Zygadlo. 2003. Tagetes minuta and Schinus areira essential oils as allelopathic agents. Biochemical, Systematics and Ecology, 31: 563–572.

42- Seigler D.S. 1996. Chemistry and mechanism of allelopathic interactions. Agronomy Journal, 88: 876–885.

43- Singh H.P., Batish D.R., Kaur S., Arora K., and Kohli R.K. 2006. a-pinene inhibits growth and induces oxidative stress in roots, Annals of Botany, 98: 1261–1269.

44- Smirnoff N. 1996. The function and metabolism of ascorbic acid in plants. Annals of Botany, 78: 661–669.

45- Vaughn S.F., and Spencer G.F. 1993. Volatile monoterpenes as potential parent structures for new herbicides. Weed Science, 41: 114–119.

46- Weir T.L., Park S.W., and Vivanco J.M. 2004. Biochemical and physiological mechanisms mediated by allelochemicals. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 7: 472–479.

47- Wilt F.M., Miller G.C., Everett R.L., and Hackett M. 1993. Monoterpene concentrations in fresh, senescent, and decaying foliage of single- leaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frem.: Pinaceae) from the western Great Basin. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 19: 185–194.

48- Yu J.Q., Ye S.F., Zhang M.F., and Hu W.H. 2003. Effects of root exudates and aqueous root extracts of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), and allelochemicals on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes in cucumber. Biochemical, Systematics and Ecology, 31: 129–139.