تأثیر منابع مختلف کودی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت شیرین (Zea mays L. saccharata)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 7، دوره 9، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 31، فروردین 1396، صفحه 171-184   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v9i1.52309

نویسندگان

علی مجاب قصرالدشتی¹؛ عیسی مقصودی²؛ یعقوب بهزادی^{* 2}؛ محمدجواد فریدونی²

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²گروه زراعت و اصلاح و نباتات، دانشـکده کشـاورزی دانشگاه یاسوج، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کود نیتروژنه، کمپوست زباله شهری و کود مرغی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت شیرین (Zea mays var. saccharata)، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در استان فارس شهرستان مرودشت در سال 93-1392 اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سطوح مختلف منابع کودی (200 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار (T1)، 300 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار (T2)، هشت تن کود مرغی در هکتار (T3)، 24 تن کمپوست زباله شهری در هکتار (T4)، 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص + دو تن کود مرغی در هکتار (T5)، 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص + چهار تن کود مرغی در هکتار (T6)، 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص + شش تن کمپوست زباله شهری در هکتار (T7)، 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص + 12 تن کمپوست زباله شهری در هکتار (T8) و بدون کود (T9) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تأثیر تیمارهای مختلف کودی بر صفات اندازه‌گیری شده معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد بلال و دانه کنسروی به‌ترتیب معادل 2178 و 931 گرم در مترمربع و وزن هزار دانه معادل 3/307 گرم در تیمار 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص + چهار تن کود مرغی تن در هکتار (T6) به‌دست آمد. تیمار 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص + 12 تن کمپوست زباله شهری در هکتار (T8) دارای بیشترین شاخص برداشت بلال (7/48 درصد) و شاخص برداشت دانه کنسروی (8/42 درصد) بود. همچنین کمترین میزان عملکرد بلال معادل 1188 گرم بر مترمربع، عملکرد دانه کنسروی معادل 426 گرم بر مترمربع، وزن هزار دانه معادل 8/204 گرم، شاخص برداشت دانه کنسروی معادل 8/35 درصد و شاخص برداشت بلال معادل 3/41 درصد مربوط به تیمار بدون کود (T9) بود. استفاده از کودهای آلی توأم با کودهای شیمیایی نیتروژنه، می‌تواند روش مناسبی جهت افزایش عملکرد ذرت شیرین و حفظ حاصلخیزی خاک باشد. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست آمده تیمار T6 می‌تواند تیمار قابل‌توصیه و برتر برای کشاورزان منطقه باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

حاصلخیزی خاک؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ کمپوست؛ کود مرغی

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