اثر روش خاک‌ورزی و کوددهی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 7، دوره 9، شماره 1، تابستان 1396، صفحه 185-197  

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v9i1.53348

نویسندگان

رضا طباطبایی ¹؛ رضا توکل افشاری²؛ محمد تقی ناصری³؛ علیرضا کوچکی ³؛ نادر تنیده⁴

¹دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

²فردوسی

³دانشکاه فردوسی مشهد

⁴شیراز

چکیده

مدیریت عناصر خاک با استفاده از کود‌های آلی و روش خاک‌ورزی از ارکان کشاورزی پایدار محسوب می‌شود. به منظور بررسی اثر روش خاک‌ورزی و کوددهی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گیاه همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.)، پژوهشی مزرعه‌ای در شهرستان شیراز، منطقه کاوه و در دو سال زراعی 1392 و 1393 در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار طراحی و اجرا گردید. تیمار‌ها شامل سه روش خاک‌ورزی (بدون خاک‌ورزی، کم خاک‌ورزی و خاک‌ورزی رایج) و چهار نوع منبع تأمین کننده نیتروژن (کود گاوی، ورمی‌کمپوست، کمپوست شهری و کود اوره) بودند که در قالب 12 تیمار در مزرعه اعمال شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تیمار سامانه‌های متفاوت کشت بر وزن خشک و سطح برگ همیشه بهار در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین وزن خشک بوته و سطح برگ در تیمار سامانه خاک‌ورزی رایج و کاربرد 165 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود اوره به دست آمد. در حالی‌که بیشترین وزن خشک گل و گلبرگ، تعداد گل، شاخص برداشت گل و عصاره گیاه دارویی همیشه بهار در تیمار سامانه کم خاک‌ورزی و کاربرد 80 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود اوره با 10 تن در هکتار کمپوست شهری به دست آمد. با توجه به نتایج مقایسات گروهی روش‌های خاک‌ورزی، روش‌های کم خاک‌ورزی در مقایسه با سایر روش‌های خاک‌ورزی باعث بهبود ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی گیاه همیشه بهار شد. به طور کلی، می‌توان نتیجه‌گیری کرد که برای افزایش و بهبود خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گیاه همیشه بهار کاربرد توأم 80 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی اوره همراه با 10 تن در هکتار کمپوست شهری در قالب سامانه کم خاک‌ورزی قابل توصیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

خاک‌ورزی کاهش یافته؛ کمپوست شهری؛ کود گاوی؛ کود اوره؛ ورمی‌کمپوست

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