مقایسه‎ی کودهای آلی و شیمیایی در تراکم‎های مختلف گاو زبان ایرانی (Echium amoenum Fisch & Mey.) در شرایط مشهد

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 3، دوره 30، شماره 3، آذر 1395، صفحه 555-573   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhorts4.v30i3.49638

نویسندگان

محمد بهزاد امیری^{* 1}؛ پرویز رضوانی مقدم²؛ محسن جهان²

¹مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد

²دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

با توجه به استفاده ی روزافزون از گیاهان دارویی در سطح جهان، اهمیت کشت و پرورش گیاهان دارویی به ویژه در سیستم‌های اکولوژیک، بیشتر آشکار شده است. به منظور بررسی اثر تراکم بوته و مقایسه‎ی کودهای آلی و شیمیایی در زراعت گاو زبان ایرانی (Echium amoenum Fisch & Mey.)، پژوهشی در سه سال زراعی متوالی 91-1390، 92-1391 و 93-1392 در مزرعه ی تحقیقاتی دانشکده ی کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد به صورت اسپلیت پلات در زمان در قالب طرح پایه ی بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. کرت های اصلی شامل ترکیب فاکتوریل 3 تراکم کاشت (3، 5 و 10 بوته در متر مربع) و 4 نوع کود آلی و شیمیایی مختلف (کمپوست، ورمی‌کمپوست، کود گاوی، کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و شاهد) بود و زمان نمونه گیری و ثبت صفات مورد مطالعه (سال های زراعی دوم و سوم) به عنوان کرت فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. در این آزمایش صفاتی نظیر وزن خشک گل در بوته، تعداد گل در بوته، تعداد و وزن دانه در بوته، شاخص برداشت گل، عملکرد گل خشک و عملکرد دانه بررسی شدند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که اثر تراکم گیاهی بر عملکرد گل خشک معنی دار بود، به طوری که بیشترین مقدار عملکرد گل خشک (816 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تراکم 5 بوته در متر مربع بدست آمد و به ترتیب 23 و 15 درصد نسبت به تیمارهای 3 و 10 بوته در متر مربع بیشتر بود. در هر دو سال زراعی مورد مطالعه اثر کودهای آلی و شیمیایی مختلف در تراکم 5 بوته در متر مربع تشدید شد، به عنوان مثال در سال زراعی دوم استفاده از کمپوست در تراکم 5 بوته در متر مربع به ترتیب منجر به افزایش 30 و 25 درصدی عملکرد دانه نسبت به کاربرد این کود در تراکم های 3 و 10 بوته در متر مربع شد. اگر چه استفاده از کود شیمیایی در بهبود عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گاو زبان ایرانی بی تأثیر نبود، ولی تأثیرگذاری آن به مراتب کمتر از کودهای آلی بود. به طور کلی نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که استفاده از کودهای آلی به ویژه کود ورمی‎کمپوست در تراکم های مطلوب گیاهی می تواند ضمن بهبود خصوصیات کمی گاو زبان ایرانی، اثرات مخرب ناشی از مصرف کودهای شیمیایی را کاهش داده و سلامت محصول و پایداری تولید را تضمین کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سلامت محصول؛ سیستم اکولوژیک؛ عملکرد گل خشک؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ گیاه دارویی

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