اثر کودهای زیستی در تلفیق با مقادیر مختلف کودهای شیمیایی بر ویژگی‌های رشد و عملکرد کاسبرگ‌های چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 4، دوره 9، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 32، تیر 1396، صفحه 276-295   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v9i2.37186

نویسندگان

رقیه محمدپور وشوایی^{* 1}؛ احمد قنبری¹؛ براتعلی فاخری²

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

²گروه بیوتکنولوژی و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) گیاهی دارویی نیمه‌گرمسیری از خانواده ختمی است که از کاسبرگ آن به دلیل خواص دارویی و خوراکی استفاده می‌شود. به منظور ارزیابی اثر کودهای زیستی در تلفیق با مقادیر مختلف کودهای شیمیایی بر ویژگی‌های رشد، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کاسبرگ‌های چای ترش، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زابل در سال‌های زراعی 91-1390 و 92-1391 اجرا شد. تیمار‌ها شامل تغذیه گیاه با NPK (به ترتیب220، 130 و 75 کیلوگرم در هکتار اوره، سوپرفسفات تریپل و سولفات پتاسیم)، کود زیستی بیوفسفات، بیوفسفات+25 درصد NPK، بیوفسفات+50 درصد NPK، بیوفسفات+100 درصد NPK، کود زیستی نیتروکسین، نیتروکسین+25 درصد NPK، نیتروکسین+50 درصد NPK، نیتروکسین+100 درصد NPK، بیوفسفات+ نیتروکسین، بیوفسفات+ نیتروکسین+25 درصد NPK، بیوفسفات+ نیتروکسین+50 درصد NPK، بیوفسفات+ نیتروکسین+100 درصد NPK و شاهد (عدم استفاده از کود) بود. ویژ‌گی‌های ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه، وزن تر رویشی، وزن خشک رویشی، وزن تر ریشه، وزن خشک ریشه، تعداد کاسه گل، وزن خشک و عملکرد کاسبرگ‌ها مورد اندازه‌گیری قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه مرکب حاکی از آن بود که اثر تیمارهای کودی بر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی معنی‌دار (01/0P) بود. تعداد کاسه گل، مهم‌ترین جزء تعیین‌کننده عملکرد کاسبرگ‌ها بود. بیشترین مقادیر ارتفاع بوته (00/126 سانتی‌متر)، ، وزن تر و خشک رویشی (به ترتیب 89/2592 و 72/667 گرم در متر مربع)، وزن تر و خشک ریشه (به ترتیب 61/203 و 22/59 گرم در متر مربع)، وزن خشک و عملکرد کاسبرگ‌ها (به ترتیب 61/232 و 03/210 گرم در متر مربع) و تعداد شاخه و کاسه گل (به ترتیب با 28/211 و 22/226 عدد در مترمربع) در تیمار نیتروکسین+ بیوفسفات+100 درصد NPK حاصل شد که اختلاف آن با تیمار نیتروکسین+ بیوفسفات+50 درصد NPK به ترتیب با مقادیر 59/119 سانتی‌متر، 17/2557، 11/635، 78/199، 42/58، 44/221 و 82/205 گرم در مترمربع و 56/194 و 67/201 عدد در مترمربع معنی‌دار نبود. بنابراین با توجه به ضرورت تولید گیاهان دارویی در نظام‌های زراعی و لزوم توجه به کاشت این گیاهان در نظام‌های کم‌نهاده، استفاده از 50 درصد مقدار توصیه شده کودهای شیمیایی NPK به همراه کودهای زیستی تثبیت کننده نیتروژن و فسفر جهت بهبود رشد گیاهان و افزایش عملکرد کاسبرگ‌های چای ترش توصیه می گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بیوفسفات؛ چای مکی؛ گیاهان دارویی؛ نیتروکسین

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