اثر تراکم بنه و نوع بستر کاشت بر اجزای عملکرد گل و کلاله زعفران (Crocus sativus L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 3، دوره 9، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 32، تیر 1396، صفحه 326-341   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v9i2.26540

نویسندگان

عبداله ملافیلابی¹؛ علیرضا کوچکی^{* 2}؛ پرویز رضوانی مقدم²؛ مهدی نصیری محلاتی²

¹گروه زیست فناوری مواد غذایی، مؤسسه پژوهشی علوم و صنایع غذایی، مشهد، ایران

²گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر تراکم بنه و نوع بستر کاشت بر خصوصیات زایشی، اجزای عملکرد گل و کلاله زعفران (Crocus sativus L.)، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی به‌صورت فاکتوریل با سه تکرار در پارک علم و فناوری خراسان رضوی در سال زراعی90-1389 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل تراکم بنه در سه سطح 50، 100 و 150 بنه در متر‌مربع و پنج بستر کاشت شامل 10 تن کمپوست زباله شهری در هکتار، 30 تن کود گاوی پوسیده در هکتار، 20 تن ضایعات بستر قارچ در هکتار، 10 تن خاکپوش کلش گندم (Triticum astivum L.) در هکتار و شاهد بودندکه همزمان با کاشت بنه زعفران اعمال گردید. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل تعداد گل، وزن گل تر و خشک، وزن کلاله تر و خشک، وزن خامه تر و خشک زعفران بودند. نتایج نشان داد که سطوح تراکم بنه و بسترهای مختلف کاشت اثر معنی‌داری بر عملکرد خامه و کلاله خشک زعفران داشت (01/0p≤). افزایش تعداد بنه از 50 به150 بنه در متر‌مربع، وزن تر گل زعفران را 177 و وزن خشک کلاله را 155 درصد (حدود 5/2 برابر) بهبود بخشید. بیشترین وزن تر و خشک کلاله+خامه در تیمار کاربرد خاکپوش کلش گندم به ترتیب به میزان 43/14 و 59/2 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین آن در شاهد به ترتیب برابر با 31/4 و 81/0 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌دست آمد. اثر متقابل بین تراکم بنه و نوع بستر کاشت در هیچ‌یک از صفات مورد مطالعه معنی‌دار نبود. با توجه به نتایج چنین به نظر می‌رسد که به منظور بهبود تولید گل و کلاله زعفران در سال اول، تراکم 150 بنه در متر‌مربع و بستر کشت خاکپوش کلش گندم را می‌توان توصیه نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تعداد گل؛ عملکرد کلاله خشک؛ ماده آلی

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