ارزیابی اثرات محیط زیستی تولید زیتون (.Olea europaea L) با استفاده از ارزیابی چرخه حیات: مطالعه موردی شهرستان طارم، استان زنجان

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 2، دوره 9، شماره 2، پاییز 1396، صفحه 458-474  

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v9i2.46350

نویسندگان

احسان خدارضایی ¹؛ هادی ویسی ¹؛ امید نوری¹؛ مهدی طاهری²؛ کوروس خوشبخت¹

¹دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران

²مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان

چکیده

توسعه کشاورزی رایج در ایران، اثرات زیان‌باری روی محیط‌زیست و منابع طبیعی وارد کرده است. زیتون یکی از محصولاتی است که در سال‌های اخیر، کشت آن با سرعت زیادی در ایران توسعه یافته است. این در حالی است که در مورد عواقب و اثرات محیط‌زیستی تولید زیتون (Olea europaea L.) مطالعه‌ای صورت نگرفته است. به همین منظور در این پژوهش، اثرات محیط‌زیستی تولید زیتون در شهرستان طارم واقع در استان زنجان در سال 93-1392 بررسی شد. در این مطالعه از روش ارزیابی چرخه حیات برای تعیین نقاط داغ چرخه حیات تولید زیتون استفاده شد. داده‌های ورودی و خروجی تولید زیتون با استفاده از پرسشنامه و اندازه‌گیری مستقیم جمع‌آوری شدند و برای اطلاعات مربوط به تولید نهاده‌ها از پایگاه داده اکواینونت موجود در نرم‌افزار سیماپرو 7.2 استفاده شد. در این مطالعه، ارزیابی اثر با استفاده از روش CML 2 baseline 2000 V2.04/ world, 1995/ characterization انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تولید زیتون در شرایط منطقه طارم اثرات محیط زیستی بالایی را ایجاد می‌کند به‌طوری‌که تولید زیتون در منطقه طارم در مقایسه با تولید زیتون در مطالعات مشابه، در هفت طبقه اثر (تخلیه منابع غیرزنده، اسیدی شدن، پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی، تخریب لایه اوزون، سمیت برای اکوسیستم‌های آب شیرین، سمیت برای اکوسیستم‌های دریایی و سمیت برای اکوسیستم‌های خشکی) حداقل بیش از دو برابر اثر محیط زیستی بالاتری ایجاد می‌کرد و فقط در طبقه اثر پرغذایی شدن، اثر محیط زیستی کمتری داشت. تجزیه‌وتحلیل نتایج نشان داد که تولید کودهای شیمیایی و انتشارات مستقیم از باغ زیتون بیشترین نقش را در تولید آلاینده‌ها داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

انتشارات؛ سیماپرو؛ کشاورزی

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