اثر نظام‌های مختلف کوددهی (شیمیایی، زیستی و تلفیقی) بر غلظت عناصر، ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی و عملکرد چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 3، دوره 9، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 33، مهر 1396، صفحه 652-674   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v9i3.40529

نویسندگان

رقیه محمدپور وشوایی^{* 1}؛ احمد قنبری¹؛ براتعلی فاخری²

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

²گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) گیاهی دارویی و معطر نیمه‌گرمسیری از خانواده ختمی است که از کاسبرگ آن به دلیل خواص دارویی و خوراکی استفاده می‌شود. به منظور ارزیابی اثر کودهای زیستی در تلفیق با مقادیر مختلف کودهای شیمیایی بر غلظت عناصر نیتروژن و فسفر، ویژگی-های بیوشیمیایی و وزن خشک کاسبرگ‌های چای ترش، آزمایشی به صورت بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زابل در سال‌های زراعی 91-1390 و 92-1391 اجرا شد. تیمار‌های آزمایشی شامل تغذیه گیاه با NPK (به ترتیب220، 130 و 75 کیلوگرم در هکتار اوره، سوپرفسفات تریپل و سولفات پتاسیم)، کود زیستی بیوفسفات، بیوفسفات+25 درصد NPK، بیوفسفات+50 درصد NPK، بیوفسفات+100 درصد NPK، کود زیستی نیتروکسین، نیتروکسین+25 درصد NPK، نیتروکسین+50 درصد NPK، نیتروکسین+100 درصد NPK، بیوفسفات+ نیتروکسین، بیوفسفات+ نیتروکسین+25 درصد NPK، بیوفسفات+ نیتروکسین+50 درصد NPK، بیوفسفات+ نیتروکسین+100 درصد NPK و عدم استفاده از کود (شاهد) بود. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل درصد نیتروژن برگ و کاسبرگ، درصد فسفر برگ و کاسبرگ، درصد پروتئین برگ و کاسبرگ، محتوای آنتوسیانین، ویتامین C، درصد اسیدیته و وزن خشک کاسبرگ بودند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه مرکب دو سال زراعی مبین آن بود که تیمارهای مختلف کود شیمیایی، زیستی و تلفیق آن‌ها اثر معنی‌دار (01/0P) بر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی داشتند. برای کلیه صفات مورد مطالعه بیشترین مقادیر در تیمار نیتروکسین+ بیوفسفات+100 درصد NPK حاصل گردید که به جز برای درصد نیتروژن و پروتئین برگ اختلاف آن با تیمار نیتروکسین+ بیوفسفات+50 درصد NPK معنی‌دار نبود. جهت حصول حداکثر عملکرد و کیفیت مطلوب چای ترش بهترین تیمار "بیوفسفات+ نیتروکسین+50 درصد NPK" بود. بنابراین، با توجه به ضرورت تولید گیاهان دارویی در نظام‌های زراعی کم‌نهاده، استفاده از 50 درصد مقدار توصیه شده کودهای شیمیایی به همراه کودهای زیستی نیتروکسین و بیوفسفات جهت حصول حداکثر کمیت و کیفیت کاسبرگ در چای ترش توصیه می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بیوفسفات؛ صفات فیزیولوژیک؛ گیاهان دارویی؛ نیتروکسین؛ NPK

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