اثر کاربرد همزمان پلیمر آبدوست رطوبت، سایه‎انداز و خاک‎پوش بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی گوجه‎فرنگی (Solanum lycopersicum L.) در شرایط کم آبیاری

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 10، دوره 9، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 33، مهر 1396، صفحه 878-891   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v9i3.57683

نویسندگان

مریم بستانی؛ مهدی صیدی^* ؛ زهرا طهماسبی

دانشگاه ایلام

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر کاربرد پلیمر آبدوست A200، سایه‌اندازی و خاک‌پوش پلاستیکی بر عملکرد و کیفیت گوجه‌فرنگی (Solanum lycopersicum L.) رقم Early Urbana VF 132- 7171 تحت رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ایلام در سال زراعی 94-1393، به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور اصلی شامل سه رژیم آبیاری سه، شش و نه روزه (برابر ظرفیت زراعی خاک) ‌و فاکتور فرعی شامل هشت تیمار خاک‌پوش، پلیمر آبدوست، سایه‌اندازی، خاک‌پوش + پلیمر آبدوست، خاک‌پوش + سایه‌اندازی، پلیمر آبدوست + سایه‌اندازی، خاک‌پوش + ‌سایه‌اندازی+ ‌پلیمر آبدوست و شاهد بودند. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش دور آبیاری عملکرد و اجزای مهم آن را کاهش و درصد پوسیدگی گلگاه و ترک‌خوردگی میوه‌ها را افزایش داد. بیشترین عملکرد کل و بالقوه توسط تیمار پلیمر آبدوست + سایه‌انداز + خاک‌پوش و بالاترین درصد میوه‌های بازارپسند متعلق به تیمارهای پلیمر آبدوست، خاک‌پوش و سایه‌انداز + خاک‌پوش بود. کاربرد سایه‌انداز به تنهایی و یا توأم با خاک‌پوش و پلیمر آبدوست باعث به حداقل رساندن درصد میوه‌های آفتاب‌سوخته گردید. درشت‌ترین میوه‌ها توسط تیمارهایی تولید شد که خاک‌پوش پلاستیکی در آن‌ها مشارکت داشت. به‌طور‌کلی، در شرایط آبیاری با فواصل کم، ترکیب تیماری پلیمر آبدوست + سایه‌انداز + خاک‌پوش و در شرایط کمبود شدید منابع آب و آبیاری با فواصل بیش از شش روز، افزودن پلیمر آبدوست A200 به تنهایی جهت بهبود عملکرد و کیفیت محصول گوجه‌فرنگی به‌عنوان تیمارهای برتر مشخص شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پوسیدگی گلگاه؛ ترکیدگی میوه؛ تنش خشکی؛ کارایی مصرف آب

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