ارزیابی عملکرد و جنبه‌های اکوفیزیولوژیک کشت مخلوط گوار (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) و آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف نیتروژن

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 4، دوره 9، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 34، دی 1396، صفحه 1050-1069   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v9i4.51084

نویسندگان

مهدی مومن کیخا¹؛ عیسی خمری^{* 1}؛ مهدی دهمرده¹؛ محمد فروزنده²

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

²پژوهشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

کشت مخلوط عبارت است از کشت دو یا چند محصول زراعی به‌طور همزمان در یک مزرعه. اصلی‌ترین هدف کشت مخلوط، حصول عملکرد بیشتر در یک قطعه زمین و استفاده از منابعی که در غیر این صورت توسط یک نوع محصول نمی‌توان مورد استفاده قرار داد. اهداف عمده کشت مخلوط شامل کاهش جمعیت آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی، کاهش فرسایش و حداقل رسانیدن هزینه نیروی کارگری در کنترل علف‌های هرز هستند. به منظور ارزیابی جنبه‌های اکوفیزیولوژیک کشت مخلوط گوار (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) و آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل (چاه نیمه) در سال زراعی 92 -1391 اجرا گردید. عامل اصلی شامل سه سطح کود نیتروژن 0، 100 و 150کیلوگرم در هکتار و عامل فرعی، نسبت مختلف کشت شامل کشت خالص آفتابگردان، کشت خالص گوار، 75 درصد گوار+ 25 درصد آفتابگردان، 50 درصد گوار+ 50 درصد آفتابگردان، 25 درصد گوار+ 75 درصد آفتابگردان بود. نتایج تجزیه داده‌ها نشان داد که سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن، نسبت‌های کاشت و برهمکنش آن‌ها تأثیر معنی‌داری بر عملکرد زیست‌توده دو گیاه آفتابگردان و گوار داشت. بالاترین عملکرد دانه آفتابگردان (33/1633 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از الگوهای کاشت 75 درصد گوار+ 25 درصد آفتابگردان همراه با مصرف 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن و در گوار (7/4356 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از 75 درصد گوار+ 25 درصد آفتابگردان و کاربرد 150 کیلوگرم درهکتار کود نیتروژن به‌دست آمد. سطوح مختلف کود و نسبت‌های کاشت تأثیر معنی‌داری بر عدد اسپد در دو گیاه آفتابگردان و گوار داشت. بیشترین و کمترین مقدار نیتروژن خاک به‌ترتیب با میانگین 2/0 و 17/0 درصد از کشت خالص گوار و کشت خالص آفتابگردان به‌دست آمد. بالاترین نسبت برابری زمین (73/2) از مخلوط 75 درصد گوار+ 25 درصد آفتابگردان به‌دست آمد. در خصوص کنترل علف‌های هرز، بیشترین وزن خشک علف‌هرز به‌ترتیب با میانگین 2/192 و 6/156 گرم در متر‌مربع از کشت خالص آفتابگردان و کشت خالص گوار به‌دست آمد و کمترین میزان آن نیز با میانگین3/153 گرم در متر‌مربع از 75 درصد گوار+ 25 درصد آفتابگردان مشاهده شد. بالاترین عملکرد دانه در آفتابگردان و گوار به‌ترتیب در تیمار مخلوط 25 درصد گوار+ 75 درصد آفتابگردان و 75 درصد گوار+ 25 درصد آفتابگردان حاصل شد. همچنین میزان وزن خشک علف‌های هرز مربوط به کشت خالص آفتابگردان بود، اما کشت خالص گوار و تمامی نسبت‌های کشت مخلوط باعث کاهش وزن خشک علف‌های هرز گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

الگوی کشت؛ عدد اسپد؛ علف هرز؛ کشت خالص؛ نسبت برابری زمین

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