اثر مقایسه ای تراکم در نژادهای تک جنسی و دوجنسی زنبور Lysiphlebus fabarum، بر سوپرپارازیتیسم روی شته سیاه باقلا Aphis fabae

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 2، دوره 30، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 35، تیر 1395، صفحه 251-260   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v30i2.42305

نویسندگان

لیلی محسنی¹؛ آرش راسخ^{* 1}؛ فرهان کچیلی²

¹دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

²اهواز

چکیده

درگذشته سوپرپارازیتیسم در میان پارازیتوئیدهای انفرادی به عنوان یک رفتار ناسازگار شناخته میشد، درحالیکه سوپرپارازیتیسم میتواند در شرایطی یک پدیدهی مطلوب باشد. به منظور تعیین اثر تراکم زنبور پارازیتوئید Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hym.: Braconidae) بر میزان سوپرپارازیتیسم، 40 پورهی سن دوم شته سیاه باقلا Aphis fabae Scopoli، به طور جداگانه در اختیار تراکمهای مختلف (1، 5، 10، 15، 20 و 30) نژادهای تک جنسی و دوجنسی زنبور قرار گرفتند. بعد از 24 ساعت، زنبورها حذف شدند و بعد از 5/2 روز شتهها تشریح و تعداد لارو زنبورها شمارش شدند. به منظور بررسی روند حذف لاروهای رقیب، آزمایش بالا تکرار و شتهها در روزهای 5/2، 5/3 و 5/4 تشریح شدند. مطابق با نتایج بهدست آمده، در هر دو نژاد، تراکم متفاوت زنبور منجر به اختلاف معنیدار در تعداد لاروهای موجود در شتههای پارازیته شد. مقایسهی تعداد لاروها، در تراکمهای مختلف نشان داد که در تراکمهای یک، 5 و 10 در نژاد دوجنسی به طور معنیداری تعداد بیشتری لارو نسبت به نژاد تک جنسی شمارش شد. در مقابل در تراکم 30، مادههای تک جنسی به نسبت میزبانهای خود را به تعداد بیشتری سوپرپارازیته کردند. در خصوص روند حذف لاروهای رقیب، در نژاد دوجنسی در تراکمهای 5، 20 و 30 همراه با گذشت زمان، حذف لاروهای رقیب مشاهده شد. در نژاد تک جنسی در هیچ یک از تراکمها تفاوت معنیداری در تعداد لارو بین سه روز تشریح مشاهده نشد. با تعیین نسبت مناسب زنبور به میزبان، نتایج تحقیق حاضر میتواند در پرورش انبوه دو نژاد L. fabaum مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تداخل همزیستی؛ رقابت؛ پارازیتوئید؛ پرورش انبوه؛ Braconidae

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