تأثیر میکوریزا بر کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی در برخی خصوصیات رشدی توده‌های محلی کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 5، دوره 9، شماره 4، زمستان 1396، صفحه 1099-1116  

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v9i4.53336

نویسنده

اسماعیل قلی نژاد

دانشگاه پیام نور مرکز ارومیه

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثرات دو گونه قارچ میکوریزا بر کاهش تنش خشکی روی عملکرد و صفات فیزیولوژیک هشت توده محلی کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.)، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی هنرستان کشاورزی ارومیه در سال زراعی 93-1392 اجرا شد. فاکتور اول شامل سطوح مختلف آبیاری شامل آبیاری نرمال (آبیاری بعد از 70 میلی‌متر تبخیر و تعرق گیاه)، تنش ملایم (آبیاری بعد از 90 میلی‌متر تبخیر و تعرق گیاه) و تنش شدید (آبیاری بعد از 110 میلی‌متر تبخیر و تعرق گیاه)، فاکتور دوم شامل تلقیح گونه قارچ میکوریزا در سه سطح گلوموس موسه‌آ، گلوموس اینترارادیسز و عدم تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا و فاکتور سوم شامل هشت توده‌ محلی کنجد به نام-های جیرفت 13، محلی طارم زنجان، محلی مغان، ناز چند شاخه، TC-25، TS-3، داراب 14 و دشتستان 5 بود. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی، تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه به جز وزن ویژه برگ، کاهش معنی‌داری یافت. تنش شدید خشکی عملکرد دانه و محتوای نسبی آب برگ را نسبت به تیمار شاهد به‌ترتیب به‌میزان 63 و 30 درصد کاهش داد. استفاده از دو گونه قارچ میکوریزا نسبت به حالت عدم استفاده، صفات عملکرد دانه (33 درصد)، شاخص سطح برگ (40 درصد) و محتوای نسبی آب برگ (20 درصد) را افزایش داد. ژنوتیپ‌های محلی مغان و محلی طارم زنجان از نظر عملکرد دانه و شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیک بر سایر توده‌های محلی برتری داشتند. بالاترین ضریب همبستگی بین عملکرد دانه با شاخص سطح برگ (**82/0=r) به‌دست آمد. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، توده‌های محلی مغان و طارم زنجان جهت کشت در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و تنش خشکی ملایم و شدید، همچنین همزیستی قارچ میکوریزای گلوموس موسه‌آ با بذر کنجد جهت افزایش عملکرد دانه در شرایط مطلوب آبیاری و جلوگیری از کاهش بیشتر عملکرد دانه در شرایط تنش خشکی شدید توصیه می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سطح ویژه برگ؛ شاخص سطح برگ؛ کم آبیاری؛ وزن ویژه برگ

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