تأثیر دماهای ثابت و نوساندار، هنگام نگهداری لارو زنبور پارازیتوئید Lysiphlebus fabarum (Hym., Braconidae) در دمای پایین

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 3، دوره 30، شماره 2، شهریور 1395، صفحه 270-283   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v30i2.43971

نویسندگان

حسین ماهی^* ؛ آرش راسخ؛ پرویز شیشه بر

دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

نگهداری در سرما یک عامل استرسی بوده و روی پارامترهای مختلف شایستگی حشرات اثر منفی میگذارد. طراحی و تکمیل روشهای نگهداری در سرما برای بیمه کردن مهارکنندههای زیستی تولید شده از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. در این مطالعه جمعیت همسنی از لاروهای سن آخر جمعیت جنسی زنبور Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall)، پارازیتوئید شتههای سیاه باقلا (Aphis fabae Scopoli)، در دو رژیم دمایی نوساندار (انتقال روزانه به مدت دو ساعت به دمای ºC 1±21) و یا ثابت (بدون انتقال به دمای بالاتر)، در دمای شش درجه سانتیگراد نگهداری و این شتههای پارازیته در هر رژیم بعد از یک، دو و یا سه هفته از سرما خارج و به اتاق رشد منتقل شدند. با ظهور حشرات کامل، فاصله زمانی تا ظهور، نرخ ظهور، نسبت جنسی، طول ساق پا، بار تخم و اندازه تخمک آنها تعیین شد. مطابق با نتایج، پس از سه هفته نگهداری در سرما، رژیم دمایی ثابت مناسبتر از نوساندار بود، چرا که علاوه بر افزایش مدت زمان ظهور (هر دو جنس نر و ماده)، نسبت جنسی، طول ساق پا (حشرات نر و ماده) و بار تخم بالاتری را نسبت به رژیم دمایی نوساندار موجب شد. در هفته سوم نگهداری فقط اندازه تخمک حشرات نگهداری شده در رژیم ثابت کمتر از رژیم نوساندار بود. اما در لاروهایی که به مدت دو هفته در سرما نگهداری شدند، صرف نظر از مدت زمان ظهور، رژیم دمایی نوساندار مناسبتر بود چرا که حشرات در این رژیم دمایی نرخ ظهور، نسبت جنسی، طول ساق پا و اندازه تخمک بیشتری نسبت به رژیم دمایی ثابت داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تولید انبوه؛ شته سیاه باقلا؛ نسبت جنسی؛ نگهداری در سرما

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