بررسی باکتری‌های ریزوسفری محرک رشد گیاهی و تنش خشکی بروی صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد نهایی در ارقام کلزا (Brassica spp. L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 8، دوره 9، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 34، دی 1396، صفحه 1208-1226   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v9i4.61808

نویسندگان

پویا آروین^{* 1}؛ جواد وفابخش²؛ داریوش مظاهری³

¹دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

²مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی طرق، مشهد، ایران

³دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد نهایی ارقام کلزا متعلق به شش ژنوتیپ کلزای معمولی (Brasica napus L.)، شلغم روغنی (Brasica rapa L.) و خردل وحشی (Brasica juncea L.) در شرایط تنش و عدم تنش و کاربرد نژادهای سودوموناس، دو آزمایش (شامل مزرعه تنش و عدم تنش) در مزرعه تحقیقاتی ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی طرق مشهد، در سال زراعی90-1389، با طرح آماری فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک‌های کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. بررسی صفات فیزیولوژیکی شامل شاخص برداشت، درجه سبزینگی، محتوی نسبی آب برگ تفاوت معنی‌داری را در میان محیط، رقم و باکتری در رقم نشان داد. تغییرات صفت محتوی نسبی آب برگ، از 23/64 درصد در تیمار باکتری سودوموناس پوتیدا (Pseudomonas putida) تا 32/60 درصد در تیمار عدم تلقیح متغیر بود. اثر باکتری به‌صورت مجزا و مرکب با سایر تیمارها بر روی شاخص برداشت معنی‌دار شد. تفاوت معنی‌داری بین دو محیط و ارقام و برهم‌کنش محیط در رقم در مورد عملکرد دانه وجود داشت. عملکرد نهایی در محیط بدون تنش برابر 85/1351 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌طور برجسته‌ای بالاتر از عملکرد در محیط تنش معادل 38/535 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. در بررسی صفات مرفولوژیک و اکوفیزیولوژیک این تحقیق هیبریدهای هایولا برتری خود را نشان دادند که این مهم منتهی به شکل‌گیری عملکرد بالاتر در این ارقام با 1381 کیلوگرم در هکتار در رقم هایولا 330 و 1083 کیلوگرم در هکتار در رقم هایولا 401 شد. درنتیجه، کشت این ارقام و کاربرد باکتری سودوموناس هم در شرایط فاریاب و هم تنش خشکی می‌تواند در جهت بهبود عملکرد و تخفیف شرایط تنش، مفید و ارزشمند باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ارتفاع؛ درجه سبزینگی؛ شاخص برداشت؛ محتوی نسبی آب برگ؛ نژادهای سودوموناس

مراجع

Ahmadi, M.R, and Javidfar, F. 2001. Assessment methods and improvement of drought resistance in crop species of Brassica. Publications of Nashre Amoozesh Keshavarzi. (In Persian)

Ahmadi, A and Biker, A. 2001. Stomatal and non-stomatal factors limititions of photosynthesis in wheat under drought conditions. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science 31(4): 813-825. (In Persian with English Summary)

Akbari, S., Kafi, M., and Rezvan Beidokhti, S. 2016. The effects of drought stress on yield, yield components and anti-oxidant of two garlic (Allium sativum L.) ecotypes with different planting densities. Journal of Agroecology 8(1): 95-106. (In Persian with English Summary)

Amani, I., Fischer, R.A., and Reynolds, M.P. 1996. Evaluation of canopy temperature as a screening tool of heat tolerance in spring wheat. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 30: 119-129.

Aniol, A. 2002. Environmental stress in cereals: An overview. Proceeding of the 5th international Triticale Symposium. Poland pp. 112-121.

Antolin, M.C., Yoller, J., and Sanchez-Diaz, M. 1995. Effect of temporary drought on nitrate-fed and nitrogen-fixing alfalfa plant. Plant Science 107: 159-165.

Araus, J.L., Bort, J., Steduto, P., Villegas, D., and Royo, C. 2003. Breeding cereals for mediterranean condition: ecophysiological clues for biotechnology application. Annals of Applied Biology 142: 129-141.

Araus, J.L., Salfer, G.A., Reynold, M.P., and Royo, C. 2002. Plant breeding and drought in C3 creals: What should we breed for? Annals of Botany 89: 240-925.

Arvin, P. 2009. Study on physiological and morphological basis of yield difference between spring cultivars species of rapeseed. MSc dissertation. Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd Branch, Bojnourd, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)

Arvin, P., and Vafabakhsh, J. 2016. Study of drought and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on radiation use efficiency and dry matter partitioning in to pod in different cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Agroecology 8(1): 95-106. (In Persian with English Summary)

Arvin, P., and Azizi, M. 2010. A comparison of yield, harvest index and morphological characters of spring cultivars of the oilseed rape species. Electronic Journal of Crop Production 2:1-41. (In Persian with English Summary)

Ashraf, M., and Rauf, H. 2001. Inducing salt tolerate in maize throght seed priming with chloride salt. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 23: 407-417.

Aston, A.R., and Van Bavel, C.H. 1972. Soil surface water depletion and leaf temperature. Agronomy Journal 64: 368-373.

Azizi, M. 1999. Study of different regims of irrigation and potassium fertilizer on some agronomic, physiological and biochemical traits of soybean. PhD dissertation. Agriculture Faculty, Mashhad Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)

Balota, M., Payne, W.A., Evett, S.R., and Lazar, M.D. 2007. Canopy temperature depression sampling to assess grain yield and genotypic differentiation in winter wheat. Crop Science 47: 1518-1529.

Bashan, Y., and Holguin, G. 1997. Azospirillum-plant relationship: environmental and physiological advances (1990-1996). Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43: 103-121.

Bekie, H.J., and Brandet, S.A. 1996. Sunola response to nitrogen fertilization. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76: 783-789.

Berry, M.P., and Spink, J.H. 2006. A physiological analysis of oilseed rape yield, past and future (Review). Jouranal of Agricultural Science Cambridge 199: 381-392.

Clarke, J.M., and Simpson, G.M. 1978b. Influence of irrigation and seeding rates on yield and yield components of Brassica napus cv.Tower. Canadaian Journal of Plant Science 58: 731-737.

Dehghani, H., Malekshahi, F., and Alizadeh, B. 2010. The study of drought tolerance indices in some winter cultivars of Brassica napus L. Journal of Water and Soil Science 48: 77-89.

Diepenbrock, W. 2000. Yield components of winter oilseed rape (Brassicanapus L.): A review. Field crops Research 67: 35-49.

Foltz, C.R. 2002. Iran’s water crisis: Cultural, political and ethical dimensions. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics.15:357-380.

Hafeez, A.S., Hammad, M., Tahir, N., and Hussain, M.T. 2003. Physiogenetic aspects of drought tolerance in canola (B. napus). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 5(4): 611-614.

Iqbal, M., Akhtar, N., Zafar, S., and Ali, I. 2008. Genotypic responses for yield and seed oil quality of tow Brassica species under semi-arid envirmental conditions. South African Journal of Botany 74: 567-571.

Jensen, H.E., Svendsen, H., Jense, S.E., and Mogensen, V.O. 1990. Canopy-air temperature of crops grown under different irrigation regimes in temperate humid climate. Irrigation Science 11:181-188.

Jirali, D., Panchal, Y., and Patil, B.C. 1989. Studies on physiological and biochemical character in chickpea. Indian Journal of Plant Physiolgy 32: 240-243.

Jiang, Y., and Huang, N. 2001. Drought and heat stress injury to two cool season furfgrasses in relation to antioxidant metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Crop Science 41: 436-442.

Johnston, A.M., Tanaka, D.L., Miller, P.R., Brandt, S.A., Nielsen, D.C., Lafond, G.P., and Riverland, N.R. 2002. Oilseed crops for semiarid cropping systems in Northern Great Plains. Agronomy Journal 94: 231-240.

Kafi, M., Nezami, A., Hoseini, H., and Masoomi, A. 2006. Physiology effect of drought stress by PEG on germination of Lentill genotype. Journal of Research and Construction 3: 69-81. (In Persian with English Summary)

Kafi, M., and Mahdavi Damghani, A. 2008. Mechanism of Plant Resistance in Environmental Stress. Publication of Jihad Daneshgahi Mashhad, Iran 472 p. (In Persian)

Khosroyar, K. 2011. The effect of selected strains of bacteria Pseudomonas family on yield and yield components of winter wheat in the Bojnourd region. MSc dissertation. Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Varamin, Iran (In Persian with English Summary)

Koocheki, A., Roohi, A., and Noorbakhsh, F. 2015. Effect of biological fertilizer on yield, yield component and oil content of three cultivars of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Agroecology 7(2): 168-178. (In Persian with English Summary)

Lazcano-Ferrat, I., and Lvatt, C.J. 1999. Relationship between relative water content, nitrogen pools and growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L and P.acutifolius gray during water deficit. Crop Science 39: 467-475.

Lucy, M., Reed, E., and Glick, B.P. 2004. Application of free living plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Antonie van Leeuwen Hoek 86: 1-25.

Mathur, D., and Wattal, P.N. 1995. Influnce of water stress on seed yield of Canadian rape at flowering and role of metabolic factors. Plant Physiology and Biochemistery New Delhi 22: 115-118.

Molnar, S., Gaspar, L., Stehi, L., Dulai, E., Sarvari, I., Galiba, G., and Molnarlong, M. 2002. The effects of drought stress on the photosynthetic processes of wheat and aegilopsbinucialis genotypes originating from various habitates. Acta Biologica Szegediensis 46: 115-116.

Nagarajan, S., and Bansal, K.C. 1991. Growth and distribution of dry matter in drought tolerant and a susceptible potato cultivars under normal and water defict condition. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 167: 112-118.

Nazeri, M. 2005. Study of reaction of triticale genotype in water restriction condition in different stage of development. PhD dissertation. Agriculture Faculty, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)

Ozer, H. 2003. Sowing date and nitrogen rate effects on growth, yield components of tow summer rapeseed cultivars. Europian Journal of Agronomy 19: 453-463.

Ohlsson, L. 1972. Spring rape and spring turnip rape seed sowing at close row spacing. Sevensk Frotiding 41: 25-27.

Paseban-Islam, B., Shakiba, M.R., Neyshabouri, M.R., Moghaddam, M., and Ahmadi, M.R. 2009. Evaluation of physiological indices, yield and its components as screening techniques for water deficit tolerance in oilseed rape cultivars. Journal of Agriculture Science and Tecnology 11: 413-422.

Pasha Poor, S., Besharati, H., and Zadbari, M.R. 2010. The effect of growth-enhancing bacterial inoculation on plant growth indices of maize. 11th Iranian Soil Scince Congress, 12-14 July, Gorgan, Iran. (In Persian)

Richards, R.A. 1978. Variation within and between species of rapeseed (Brassica campestris and B. napus) in response to drought stress. III. Physiological and physicochemical characters. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 29: 491-501.

Reynolds, M.P.S., Nagarajan, S., Razaque, M.A., and Ageeb, O. 2001. Heat Tolerance. Application of Physiology in Wheat Breeding. CIMMIT Publication pp. 124-136.

Saharan B.S., and Nehra, V. 2011. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Life Sciences and Medicine Research 1- 30.

Sarmadniya, G., and Koocheki, A. 2013. Physiology of Crop Plants. Publication of Jehad Daneshgahi Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian)

Salehi, M., Koocheki, A., and Nassiri Mahallati, M. 2004. Rate of nitrogen and leaf chorolophyl like as indeces in drought stress in wheat. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 2(1): 199-205. (In Persian with English Summary)

Schonfeld, M.A., Johnson, R.C., Carver, B.F., and Mornhinweg, W. 1988. Water relation in wheat as drought resistance indicators. Crop Science 28: 256-531.

Schutz, M., and Fangmeir, E. 2001. Growth and yield responses of spring wheat to elevated CO2 and water limitation. Environmental Pollution 114: 187-194.

Shekari, F. 2002. Study of effect of drought stress on phenology, water relation, growth, yield and quality production of Brassica spp. L. PhD dissertation. Agriculture Faculty, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)

Siddique, M.R.B., Hamid, A., and Islam, M.S. 2000. Drought stress effects on water relations of wheat. Butanical Bulleccin of Academia Sinica 41: 35-38.

Singh, D.P., Sing, P., Kumer, A., and Sharma, H.C. 1985. Transpirational cooling as a screening technique for drought tolerance in oil seed Brassica. Annals of Botany 56: 815-820.

Tarahomi, G. 2011. Effect of drought stress on physiological parameters in Salvia leriifolia Benth. MSc dissertation. Islamic Azad University, Mashhsd Branch, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)

Thurling, N. 1974. Morphophysiological determinate of yield in rapeseed (Brassica compestris and Brassica napus). 2. Yield components. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 25: 711- 721.

Vafabakhsh, J. 2008. Study of ecophysilogical aspects of Brassica spp. L. in water defict condition. PhD dissertation. Agriculture Faculty, Mashhad Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)

Vafabakhsh, J., Nassiri Mahallati, M., and Koocheki, A. 2009. Effect of water defict on radiation use efficiency in cultivars of Brassica spp. L. Iranian Agronomic Research 6(1): 193-204.

Wrigh, P.R., Morgan, J.M., Jessop, R.S., and Cass, A. 1995. Compensative adaption of canola (Brassica napus) and Indian mustard (B. juncea) to soil water deficits: Yield and yield components. Field Crops Research 42: 1-13.

Wright, P.R., Morganand, J.M., and Jessop, R.S.1996. Comparative adaptation of canola (Brassica napus) and Indian Mustard (B. juncea) to soil water deficit: Plant water relations and growth. Field Crops Research 49: 51-64.