تأثیر کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر رشد و عملکرد گیاه ریحان سبز (Ocimum basilicum L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 3، دوره 10، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 35، فروردین 1397، صفحه 146-159   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i1.54975

نویسندگان

مریم رحیم پور¹؛ سیف اله فلاح^{* 2}

¹دانشگاه شهرکرد

²شهرکرد

چکیده

گیاه ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.) به‌عنوان یک گیاه دارویی مهم شناخته شده است که خصوصیات رشدی آن تأثیر به‌سزایی در تولید، بازارپسندی و مصرف این گیاه دارد. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر رشد و عملکرد گیاه ریحان آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با هشت تیمار کودی مختلف و سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهرکرد در سال 1394 اجرا شد. تیمار‎‎ها شامل NP (نیتروژن + فسفر)، NPS (نیتروژن + فسفر + گوگرد)، NPM(نیتروژن + فسفر+ ریزمغذی)، NPSM (نیتروژن + فسفر+ گوگرد+ ریزمغذی)، CMp (کود گاوی بر اساس نیاز فسفری گیاه)، CMn (کود گاوی بر اساس نیاز نیتروژنی گیاه)، BLp (کود مرغی بر اساس نیاز فسفری گیاه) و BLn (کود مرغی بر اساس نیاز نیتروژنی گیاه) بودند. نتایج نشان داد اثر منابع مختلف کودی بر صفات ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ در بوته، شاخص سطح برگ، عملکرد، وزن تر ساقه و برگ، ماده خشک برگ، ساقه و اندام هوایی در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار گردید. بیش‌ترین مقدار صفات اندازه‌گیری شده از برداشت دوم به‌دست آمد. بیش‌ترین میزان شاخص سطح برگ برداشت دوم ۷۴/5 بود که نسبت به برداشت اول بیش از دو برابر بود. بیش‌ترین وزن تر (14576 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از تیمار کود مرغی در برداشت دوم به‌دست آمد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که تیمار BLn بیش‌ترین عملکرد، وزن تر ساقه و وزن تر برگ را در برداشت‌ اول (به‌ترتیب با 10111، 372 و ۶۳۹ کیلوگرم در هکتار) و در برداشت دوم (به‌ترتیب با 1457۷، 535 و۹۲۲ کیلوگرم در هکتار) تولید کرد. اثرات مثبت کود مرغی در این آزمایش، بیانگر این موضوع است که این کود می‎تواند شرایط مناسبی را برای رشد و تولید مطلوب گیاه ریحان فراهم نموده و اثرات آن بیش‌تر از تغذیه شیمیایی کامل گیاه باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ریزمغذی؛ شاخص سطح برگ؛ عناصر پرمصرف؛ کود دامی

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