مطالعه اثرات زیست‌محیطی تولید گیاهان روغنی در اردبیل با استفاده از ارزیابی چرخه حیات

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 4، دوره 10، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 35، فروردین 1397، صفحه 160-174   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i1.55340

نویسندگان

مجید دکامین^{* 1}؛ مرتضی برمکی²؛ امین کانونی³؛ سیدرضا موسوی⁴

¹دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

²گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ایران

³گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

⁴محقق اردبیلی

چکیده

هدف از این تحقیق ارزیابی اثرات محیط زیستی تولید گیاهان روغنی شامل سویا (Glycine max L.)، کلزا (Brassica napus Rapeseed.) و آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) در استان اردبیل بود. ارزیابی چرخه حیات به منظور ارزیابی مقایسه بارهای محیط زیستی، تقاضای آب و کاربری زمین این سه نوع گیاه روغنی به کار گرفته شد. چهار طبقه اثر محیط زیستی مورد استفاده در این روش مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. این چهار طبقه اثر شامل مردابی شدن، اسیدی شدن، گرمایش جهانی و اکسیداسیون فتوشیمیایی است. تقاضای آب و کاربری زمین دیگر طبقه اثرهایی است که در این مطالعه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. هرسه گیاه زراعی برای طبقه اثرهای مختلف دارای الگوی یکسانی بودند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که آفتابگردان در پنج طبقه اثر از شش طبقه اثر انتخابی دارای بیشترین اثرات محیط زیستی است، چراکه دارای محصول کمتر و تقاضای آب و انرژی بیشتری است. نتایج نشان داد که تولید 1 تن آفتابگردان، سویا و کلزا به‌ترتیب نیازمند 426، 370 و 471 متر‌مربع زمین است. در این مطالعه مشخص شد که اثرات محیط زیستی سه گیاه زراعی عمدتاً از کودهای شیمیایی، کود دامی، سوخت دیزل و مصرف الکتریسیته برای آبیاری حاصل می شود. می توان گفت که اثرات مرتبط با این نهاده ها مربوط به تولید و فرآوری آن‌ها قبل از استفاده در مزرعه هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آفتابگردان؛ بهینه‌سازی؛ سویا؛ کلزا؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ گرمایش جهانی

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