بررسی مدیریت تغذیه‌گیاهی (کودهای ارگانیک، غیرارگانیک و تلفیقی): برمیزان تجمع و تعادل عناصر ماکرو و میکرو در دانه گندم ‌(Triticum aestivum L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 5، دوره 10، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 35، فروردین 1397، صفحه 186-202   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i1.56118

نویسندگان

الهام امجدیان^* ؛ احمد قنبری؛ عیسی خمری

گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش به‌منظور تغذیه صحیح گیاه که یکی از اصول اولیه دستیابی به کشاورزی پایدار بوده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل در آبان‌ماه سال 1392 اجرا شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل: T1: شاهد، T2: کود دامی گاوی، T3: کود ورمی‌کمپوست، T4: کود شیمیایی ‌NPK، T5: کود ورمی‌کمپوست توأم با نیتروکسین، T6: کود دامی توأم با کود نیتروکسین، T7: کود دامی توأم با کود شیمیایی ‌NPK که با نسبت‌های مساوی در بررسی صفات کمی و کیفی گندم (Triticum aestivumL.) رقم سیستان، با کاربرد انواع کودها مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که سیستم‌های مختلف کودی بر تمام خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی، به جزء وزن هزار‌‌‌‌دانه در سطح (p≤0/01)، معنی‌دار گردید به‌طوری‌که تیمار کودهای شیمیایی موجب افزایش‌20/16‌درصدی ارتفاع گیاه و کودهای تلفیقی موجب افزایش60‌/‌11درصدی وزن هزار‌‌دانه، نسبت به شاهد گردید. بیشترین و کمترین میزان عملکرد دانه با مقادیر3440‌ و 1835‌کیلوگرم در هکتار، به‌ترتیب متعلق به تیمارهای سیستم تلفیقی کود دامی توأم با کود شیمیایی و تیمار شاهد بوده است. غلظت عناصر‌دانه در سطح (p≥0/01)، به‌غیر‌از منیزیم که در استفاده از سیستم‌های تغذیه‌ای مختلف در یک سطح قرار داشتند معنی‌دار گردید، به‌طوری‌که کودهای شیمیایی، نیتروژن و فسفر به‌ترتیب‌‌78/48‌ و ‌139‌ درصد و کود دامی توأم با کود شیمیایی، پتاسیم دانه را به‌میزان 76/30‌ درصد، کودهای دامی، آهن، سدیم و روی به‌ترتیب به‌میزان82‌/58، 48/40، 49/‌‌7 ‌‌نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش داده است. کودهای شیمیایی کلسیم را به‌میزان10‌/16‌درصدی نسبت به شاهد کاهش داده. بنابراین، بهبود تغذیه گیاه از طریق مصرف بهینه کودهای تلفیقی، زیستی، آلی، علاوه بر‌‌افزایش کمی و کیفی محصولات کشاورزی، می‌توان وضعیت تغذیه‌ای انسان و کمبود عناصر را جبران کرده و به‌دلیل تعادل عناصر‌غذایی، سبب بهبود کارکرد بدن و نیاز به مکمل‌ها را کاهش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سلامت انسان؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ کودهای آلی؛ کودهای بیولوژیک؛ کودهای شیمیایی

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