بررسی جنبه‌های اکوفیزیولوژیک و شاخص‌های کیفیت علوفه در کشت مخلوط ذرت (‏Zea mays L.) و لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی (‏Vigna unguiculata L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 7، دوره 10، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 35، فروردین 1397، صفحه 267-280   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i1.60479

نویسندگان

مهدی شریفی نژاد؛ احمد قنبری؛ علیرضا سیروس مهر^*

گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی جنبه‌های اکوفیزیولوژیک و کیفیت علوفه کشت مخلوط ذرت (Zea mays L.) و لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با شش تیمار و سه تکرار در پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل، در سال زراعی 94-1393 انجام شد. تیمارها شامل؛کاشت خالص ذرت، 100% ذرت + 15% لوبیا، 100% ذرت + 30% لوبیا، 100% ذرت + 45% لوبیا، 100% ذرت + 60% لوبیا و کشت خالص لوبیا چشم‏بلبلی بود. نتایج نشان داد که جذب نور، رطوبت خاک و دمای خاک سیستم‏های کاشت در سطح احتمال پنج درصد معنی‏دار بود. کشت‏های مخلوط، میزان تابش جذب شده و رطوبت بیشتری را در طول فصل رشد کسب نمودند و دمای کمتری نیز نسبت به تک‏کشتی خود داشتند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد، شاخص‏های کیفی علوفه، غلظت پروتئین خام (CP) و میزان خاکستر ذرت در کشت مخلوط لوبیا چشم بلبلی افزایش یافت و غلظت دیواره سلولی (NDF)، فیبرهای نامحلول در شوینده‌های اسیدی (ADF) ذرت کاهش یافت، به‏نحوی‌که بیشترین میزان پروتئین خام ( 41/9 درصد)، خاکستر (‏16/12 درصد) و قابلیت هضم ماده خشک ذرت (77/72 درصد) از نسبت کاشت 100% ذرت+ 60% لوبیا چشم بلبلی و بیشترین میزان NDF (66/46 درصد)، ADF (66/26 درصد) از کشت خالص ذرت به‏دست آمد. به‏دلیل همبستگی منفی بین ADFو قابلیت هضم ماده خشک (DMD) با کاهش یافتن غلظت ADF‏ قابلیت هضم علوفه افزایش پیدا کرد. بیشترین عملکرد علوفه خشک از کشت مخلوط 100% ذرت + 60% لوبیا ( t.h-161/14) در حالی که کمترین عملکرد از کشت خالص لوبیا ( t.ha-193/0) به‏دست آمد. به‏طور کلی،کشت مخلوط به لحاظ تولید کمی و کیفی علوفه نسبت به کشت‏های خالص برتری نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پروتئین خام؛ تولید ماده خشک؛ دمای خاک؛ سیستم‏های کاشت؛ منابع رشد

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