تولید محصول آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) تحت تأثیر کشت مخلوط افزایشی با لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) و سامانه‌های مختلف خاک‌ورزی

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 10، دوره 10، شماره 2، مهر 1397، صفحه 416-429   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i2.54047

نویسندگان

جواد حمزه ئی^* ؛ محسن سیدی

دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی عملکرد کمی و کیفی دانه آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) در کشت مخلوط افزایشی با لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا در دو سال زراعی 1392 و 1393 انجام گرفت. آزمایش به-صورت اسپلیت پلات بر پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. خاک‌ورزی (خاک‌ورزی کامل، نیمه خاک‌ورزی با چیزل و نیمه خاک‌ورزی با دیسک) و الگوی کاشت (کشت خالص آفتابگردان و لوبیا و کشت مخلوط افزایشی 30 و 60 درصد لوبیا با آفتابگردان) به‌ترتیب به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و فرعی بودند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که بیشتر صفات تحت تأثیر خاک‌ورزی قرار نگرفتند، ولی اثر الگوی کشت بر آن‌ها معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه، عملکرد روغن و عملکرد پروتئین آفتابگردان (به‌ترتیب 22/356، 90/160 و 27/77 گرم در متر‌مربع) در تیمار کشت خالص به‌دست آمد، ولی با اجرای کشت مخلوط از میزان این ویژگی‌ها به‌طور معنی‌داری کاسته شد. در کشت مخلوط، عملکرد دانه لوبیا نیز نسبت به کشت خالص آن کاهش نشان داد. در میان الگوهای مختلف کشت، بیشترین عملکرد دانه کل (28/437 گرم در متر‌مربع) به تیمار کشت مخلوط افزایشی 60 درصد لوبیا + آفتابگردان تعلق گرفت. در کل، تیمار 60 درصد لوبیا + آفتابگردان بیشترین عملکرد کل را تولید کرد و کارایی استفاده از زمین را افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پروتئین دانه؛ روغن دانه؛ عملکرد بیولوژیک؛ عملکرد دانه؛ کارایی استفاده از زمین

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