امکان‌سنجی تعیین نواحی کاشت محصولات گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) و کلزا (Brassica napus L.) در محیط سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (مطالعه موردی: حوضه مارون استان خوزستان)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 12، دوره 10، شماره 2، مهر 1397، صفحه 473-489  

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i2.58043

نویسندگان

نصرت اله حیدرپور ¹؛ هوشنگ بهرامی²؛ یعقوب منصوری¹؛ سعید حجتی¹

¹دانشگاه شهیدچمران اهواز

²شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

یکی از روش‌های مؤثر برای مطالعه و شناسایی پتانسیل اراضی کشاورزی، پهنه‌بندی آن‌ها است. در این تحقیق به‌منظور امکان‌سنجی تعیین نواحی کاشت محصولات گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) و کلزا (Brassica napus L.) در حوضه مارون استان خوزستان که یکی از مهم‌ترین استان‌های تولیدکننده محصولات کشاورزی است، از برنامه سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی استفاده گردید. ازاین‌رو تمام لایه‌های اطلاعاتی زراعی- بوم‌شناختی شامل اقلیم (دما و بارش)، توپوگرافی (شیب و ارتفاع)، خاک (بافت، pH، شوری و کربن آلی) به همراه پتانسیل منابع آبی، پس از وزن‌دهی با روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی در محیط سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی تهیه و مطابق با نیازمندی‌های محیطی محصولات گندم و کلزا، بر اساس دستورالعمل فائو، طبقه‌بندی شدند. لایه‌های همپوشانی شده به‌عنوان معیاری برای قضاوت در خصوص تناسب اراضی برای محصولات گندم و کلزا لحاظ گردید و نقشه‌های حاصل از آن‌ها بر اساس معیارهای موجود و دستورالعمل فائو در پنج طبقه بسیار مناسب، مناسب، تناسب متوسط، تناسب کم و نامناسب طبقه‌بندی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که 4/7 و 8/9 درصد از کل سطح اراضی موجود در محدوده مطالعاتی، به‌ترتیب در طبقات بسیار مناسب و مناسب برای کاشت هر دو محصول قرار گرفتند. در حالی‌که 2/57 درصد از کل اراضی در طبقات تناسب متوسط و تناسب کم و 6/25 درصد باقیمانده نیز در طبقه نامناسب واقع شدند. در این طبقه‌بندی عوامل شوری خاک و دسترسی به منابع آب (بارش و پتانسیل منابع آبی)، عوامل محدودکننده اصلی بودند. این نتایج می‌تواند به سیاست‌گذاران، برای طراحی الگوی کشت مناسب در جهت حاصلخیزی خاک، کمک نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

الگوی کشت؛ تحلیل سلسله مراتبی؛ تناسب اراضی

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