تأثیر الگوی کشت و ورمی‌کمپوست بر تغییرات عناصر غذایی خاک در کشت مخلوط ذرت (Zea mays L.)، بادام زمینی (Arachis hypogaea L.)و گاوزبان اروپایی (Borago officinalis L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 14، دوره 10، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 36، تیر 1397، صفحه 547-564   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i2.62071

نویسندگان

مهدیه رجایی¹؛ مهدی دهمرده^{* 1}؛ عیسی خمری¹؛ بهروز کشته گر²

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

²گروه عمران، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی و تعیین اثر الگوی کشت و ورمی‌کمپوست بر تغییرات عناصر غذایی در کشت مخلوط ذرت(Zea mays L.) ، بادام زمینی (Arachis hypogaea L.) و گاوزبان اروپایی(Borago officinalis L.)، آزمایشی در پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل در سال زراعی 94-1393 به‌صورت کرت‌های شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل ورمی‌کمپوست به‌عنوان عامل اصلی در سه سطح؛ عدم کاربرد کود، 5/2 و 5 تن در هکتار و الگوهای کشت به‌عنوان عامل فرعی در نه سطح شامل؛ کشت خالص ذرت، بادام زمینی و گاوزبان اروپایی، 40 درصد ذرت + 30 درصد بادام زمینی + 30 درصد گاوزبان،50 درصد ذرت + 25 درصد بادام زمینی + 25 درصد گاوزبان،60 درصد ذرت + 20 درصد بادام زمینی + 20 درصد گاوزبان، 100 درصد ذرت + 50 درصد بادام زمینی + 50 درصد گاوزبان، 100 درصد ذرت + 75 درصد بادام زمینی + 25 درصد گاوزبان و 100 درصد ذرت + 25 درصد بادام زمینی + 75 درصد گاوزبان بود. . نتایج نشان داد بیشترین مقدار کربن خاک در کشت مخلوط در الگوی کاشت 100 درصد ذرت + 50 درصد بادام زمینی + 50 درصد گاوزبان و کاربرد 5 تن ورمی کمپوست در هکتار به میزان (41/0 درصد) و کمترین مقدار کربن خاک در الگوی کشت 60 درصد ذرت + 20 درصد بادام زمینی + 20 درصد گاوزبان و عدم مصرف ورمی‌کمپوست به‌دست آمد. افزایش نسبت اختلاط گاوزبان در الگوی کشت موجب کاهش مقدار سدیم خاک و افزایش درصد بادام زمینی در کشت مخلوط منجر به افزایش مقدار فسفر خاک گردید. تأثیر الگوهای کشت مخلوط در افزایش میزان رطوبت حجمی خاک به میزان 78/20 درصد و تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی 17/77 درصد قابل توجه بود. بیشترین مقدار عملکرد ذرت (3/17 تن در هکتار) در الگوی مخلوط 100 درصد ذرت + 25 درصد بادام زمینی + 75 درصد گاوزبان و بیشترین عملکرد بادام زمینی (5/15 تن در هکتار) در الگوی مخلوط 100 درصد ذرت + 75 درصد بادام زمینی + 25 درصد گاوزبان به‌دست آمد. نسبت برابری زمین در همه الگوهای مخلوط بیشتر از یک بود و بیشترین میزان نسبت برابری زمین در الگوی کشت مخلوط 100 درصد ذرت + 75 درصد بادام زمینی + 25 درصد گاوزبان و مصرف 5 تن استفاده ورمی‌کمپوست در هکتار به‌دست آمد که نشان‌دهنده سودمندی کشت مخلوط نسبت به تک‌کشتی بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی؛ عملکرد اقتصادی؛ کربن خاک؛ نسبت برابری زمین

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