تأثیر زئولیت، میکوریزا و سوپرجاذب بر رشد و استقراراولیه گیاه مرتعی دارویی بومادران (Achillea millefolium L.) در خاک‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین معادن متروکه سیمان (مطالعه موردی: کارخانه سیمان شرق مشهد)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 15، دوره 10، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 36، تیر 1397، صفحه 565-579   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i2.63197

نویسندگان

ریحانه عظیمی^{* 1}؛ غلامعلی حشمتی¹؛ محمد فرزام²؛ مرتضی گلدانی³

¹گروه مدیریت مرتع، دانشکده مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

²گـروه مرتـع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

³گروه زراعت و اصلاح و نباتات، دانشـکده کشـاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

امروزه معدن‌کاوی‌ها تا مساحت زیادی موجب تخریب مراتع می‌گردد، برای عبور از این بحران، نیاز فراوانی به احیاء اراضی تخریب یافته به وسیله استقرار گیاهان در مناطق معدن‌کاوی شده احساس می‌شود. روش‌های جدید اصلاح مراتع مبتنی بر استفاده از رهیافت‌های زیستی و غیرزیستی (زئولیت، سوپرجاذب و میکوریزا) می‌تواند به استقرار گیاهان در این مناطق کمک کند. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی امکان افزایش استقراراولیه و رشد گیاه مرتعی دارویی بومادران (L. (Achillea millefoliumدر اراضی معدن‌کاوی شده آلوده به فلزات سنگین، ابتدا نشاء‌های کشت شده در گلخانه با میکوریزا (Glomus intraradices) زئولیت و سوپرجاذب تلقیح و سپس در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در منطقه نیمه خشک اراضی معدن‌کاوی کارخانه سیمان شرق مشهد در سال 95- 1394 کشت شد. گیاهان فقط یک‌بار در زمان کشت آبیاری شدند. در این تحقیق درصد استقرار، ارتفاع گیاهان کاشته شده، درصد کلونیزاسیون میکوریزا با ریشه گیاه بومادران در اراضی و برخی از خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی از جمله وزن خشک اندام‌هوایی، وزن خشک ریشه و وزن خشک کل گیاه اندازه‌گیری شد. تیمارهای میکوریزا، زئولیت و سوپرجاذب موجب افزایش استقرار اولیه گیاهان (به‌ترتیب 50 ، 33 و 11 درصد) افزایش ارتفاع (3/14، 3/12 و 3/6 سانتی‌متر)، افزایش وزن خشک اندام هوایی (73/0، 57/0 و 5/0 گرم)، افزایش وزن خشک ریشه (26/0، 15/0 و 14/0 گرم) و وزن خشک کل گیاه (1، 73/0 و 64/0 گرم) نسبت به شاهد شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای میکوریزا، زئولیت و سوپرجاذب به‌ترتیب بیشترین تأثیر را بر ‌افزایش استقرار اولیه و بهبود خصوصیات رشدی گیاه بومادران داشتند و می‌توان جهت استقرار اولیه گیاهان در اراضی آلوده به فلزات سنگین منطقه معدن‌کاوی شده کارخانه سیمان شرق مشهد در منطقه نیمه‌خشک واقع شده‌اند پیشنهاد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عرصه؛ کود بیولوژیک؛ مراتع؛ نشاء‌کاری

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