اثر رژیم غذایی بید آرد بر برخی ویژگی های زیستی زنبور پارازیتوئید آن، Trichogramma brassicae (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae)

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 2، دوره 30، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 34، دی 1395، صفحه 709-717   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v30i4.53205

نویسندگان

پریا سلطانی نژاد¹؛ اصغر شیروانی^{* 1}؛ مریم راشکی²

¹دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

²دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی صنعتی و فناوری پیشرفته، کرمان

چکیده

زنبور پارازیتویید Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae)از نظر فناوری تولید انبوه، وسعت کاربرد، انتشار وسیع جغرافیایی و استعداد بینظیر در سازگاری نسبت به شرایط مختلف اقلیمی، دارای جایگاه ممتازی است و به راحتی روی بید آرد Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae)، پرورش داده می‌شود. به منظور بهینهسازی پرورش انبوه زنبور پارازیتویید، تأثیر رژیم‌های غذایی بید آرد (رژیم I- آرد گندم، سبوس، آرد ذرت، مخمر نان و گلیسرین؛ رژیم II- آرد گندم، سبوس، آرد جو، مخمر و گلیسرین؛ رژیم III- آرد جو، مخمر نان و گلیسرین و رژیم IV- آرد گندم، آرد جو و آرد ذرت) بر شایستگی زنبور پارازیتویید، در دمای 1±25 درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5±60 درصد و دوره نوری 14 ساعت روشنایی و 10 ساعت تاریکی در نسل دوم و چهارم مطالعه شد. بر اساس نتایج، تیمار II، و III، به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین میزان پارازیتیسم را در نسل چهار داشتند. درصد ظهور افراد کامل پارازیتویید در تیمارهای III و II در نسل چهارم نسبت به سایر تیمارها بیشتر بود. به طور جداگانه در هر دو نسل (نسل دوم و چهارم) مورد مطالعه، نسبت جنسی زنبورهای ماده تفاوت معنی‌داری در تیمارهای مختلف نداشت. تیمار II باعث افزایش طول دوره زندگی و نرخ پارازیتیسم زنبور شد که با استناد به نتایج، تیمار II برای پرورش زنبور پارازیتویید T. brasiccae پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آرد گندم؛ پارازیتیسم؛ طول دوره زندگی؛ کنترل بیولوژیک

مراجع

1- Abroun P., Mousavi S.Gh., Ashouri A., and Gishani H. 2013. Effect of different quality of Ephestia kuehniella on the parasitism of Trichogramma brassicae. p. 1-8. The 1st National Conference on Stable Agriculture and Natural Resources. (in Persian).

2- Ahmadpour S., Iranipour Sh., and Asgari Sh. 2013. Effects of superparasitism on reproductive fitness of Ooencyrtus fecundus (Hym.: Encyrtidae), egg parasitoid of Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps (Hem.: Scutelleridae). p. 2. Conference of Biological Control in Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 27-28 August. 2013. (in Persian with English abstract).

3- Akbarzadeh Shoukat G. 2006. Study of efficacy of walnut fruit worm egg parasitoid wasp Trichogramma embryophagum in laboratory condition. p. 20. In Manzari, S. (Ed.) p. 418. Proceedings of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Vol. I, Pests. (in Persian).

4- Attaran M.R., Shojaii M., and Ebrahimi E. 2000. Effects of hosts and feeding on the longevity and the number of eggs deposited by Trichogramma brassicae. p. 173. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. I, Pests.

5- Babendreier D., Kuske S., and Bigler F. 2002. Overwintering of the egg parasitioid Trichogramma brassicae (Hym.: Trichogrammatide) in Northern Switzerland. Biological Control, 52:37-45.

6- Bidar F., Naseri B., Razmjo J., and Fathi S.A.A. 2013. Performance Nutrition of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller On the different varieties of barley. p. 37-39. Second national congress and conventional organic agriculture. (in Persian).

7- Bonte M., and DeClercq P. 2008. Developmental and reproductive fitness of Orius laevigatus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) reared on factitious and artificial diets. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 (4):1127-1133.

8- Bigler F. 1994. Quality control in Trichogramma production. Biological control with egg parasitoid. p. 93-111. CAB International, UK.

9- Cerutti F., and Bigler F. 1995. Quality assessment of Trichogramma brassicae in the laboratory. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 75:19-26.

10- Chirane J., and Lauge G. 1996. Loss of parasitization efficiency of Trichogramma brassicae (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) under high temperature conditions. Biological Control, 7:95-99.

11- Ebrahimi A. 2004. Study and distinguishing the species in the genus Trichogramma Westwood in Iran. Debates about use of natural enemies for biological control of pests. p. 1-71. Press Publishing Centre Sepehr, (in Persian).

12- Etzel L.K., and Legner E.F. 1999. Culture and colonization. In: Bellows, T.S., Fisher, T.W. (eds). Handbook of biological control. p. 125-198. Academic Press.

13- Farazmand A., Irani pur Sh., Saber M., and Mashhadi Jafarlu M. 2007. Comparison of some biological parameters of Trichogramma brassicae Bez biological control agent against the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Lep.: Pyralidae) and flour moth Ephestia kuehniella (Lep.: Pyralidae). Agricultural Science, 17 (3):175-187. (in Persian).

14- Garcia P., and Tavares J. 1994. Parasitic capacity, longevity and development of Trichogramma maidis (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) at three temperature regimes. Trichogramma and Other Egg Parasitoids, 4:71-74.

15- Garcia P.V., Wajnberg E., Oliveira M.L.M., and Tavares J. 2001. Is the parasitization capacity of Trichogramma cordubensis influenced by the age of the females?. Entomologia experimentalis et applicata, 98:219-224.

16- Gomez L.L.A., Diaz A.E., and Lastra L.A. 1995. Selection of strains of Trichogramma exiguum for controlling sugarcane borers (Diatraea spp.) in the Cauca valley, Colombia. Less Colloques de l’ INRA, 73:75-78.

17- Haile A.T., Hassan S.A., Sithanantham S., and Ogol C. 2002. Comparative life table analysis of Trichogramma bournieri Pintureau and Babault and Trichogramma sp. nr. mwanzai Schulten and Feijen (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) from Kenya. Journal of Applied Entomology, 126:287-292.

18- Haghani M., and Fathipour Y. 2003. The effect of the type of laboratory host on the population growth parameters of Trichogramma embryophagum Hartig (Hym, Trichogrammatidae). Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 10(2):117-123. (in Persian with English abstract).

19- Hassan S.A., and Zhang W.Q. 2001. Variability in quality of Trichogramma brassicae (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) from commercial suppliers in Germany. Biological Control, 22:115-121.

20- Hegazi E.M., Khafagi W.E., and Hassan S.A. 2000. Studies on three species of Trichogramma: foraging behavior for food or hosts. Journal of Applied Entomology, 124:145-149.

21- Hohmann C.L., Luck R.F., Oatman E.R., and Platner G.R. 1989. Effects of different biological factors on longevity and fecundity of Trichogramma platneri Nagarkatti (Hymenoptera; Trichogrammatidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of Brasil, 18:61- 70.

22- Karimian Z., and Sahragard A. 2000. Investigation on biology of Trichogramma brassicae the egg parasitoid of major pest of rice in Guilan province. p. 22. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Vol. I, Pests.

23- Klemm U., and Schmutterer H. 1992. Selection of effective egg parasitoids of the genera Trichogramma and Trichogrammatoidea (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) and diamondback moth control in Taiwan. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie, 8:82-86.

24- Knutson A. 1998. The Trichogramma Manual, Texas Agricultural Extension Service.

25- Kuhlmann U., and Mills N.J. 1999. Comparative analysis of the reproductive attributes of three commercially produced Trichogramma spp. (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae). Biocontrol Science and Technology, 9: 335-346.

26- Karimi Malati A., and Hatami B. 2010. Effect of feeding and male presence on some biological characteristics of female Trichogramma brassicae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Jornal of entomological society of Iran, 29(2):1-11.

27- Leatmia J.A., Laing J.E., and Corrigan J.E. 1995. Production of exclusively male progeny by mated honey-fed Trichogramma minutum (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae). Journal of Applied Entonology, 119:561-566.

28- Lundgren G.E., and Bomgren S.A. 2002. Comparison of Trichogramma brassicae (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) augmentation with organic and synthetic pesticides for control of cruciferous Lepidoptera. Biological Control, 31:1231-1239.

29- Lundgren J.G., and Heimpel G.L. 2002. Quality assessment of three species of commercially produced Trichogramma and the first report of thelytoky in commercially produced Trichogramma. Biological control, 26:68-73.

30- Nogueira De Sa L.A., and Parra J.R.P. 1994. Biology and parasitism of Trichograrnma pretiosum Riley (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) on Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lep., Pyralidae) and Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lep., Noctuidae) eggs. Journal of applied entomology, 118:38-43.

31- Ozkan C. 2006. Effect of host diet on the development of the solitary egg-larval parasitoid Chelonus oculator in superparasitized Ephestia kuehniella. Phytoparasitica, 34(4):338-346.

32- Pompaon F., Fouillet P., and Bouler M. 1995. Emergence rhythms and prothandry in relation to a daily pattern of locomotor activity in Trichogramma species. The Canadian Entomologist, 25:139-146.

33- Ranjbar Aghdam H., and Mahmoudian R. 2014. Effect of Different Rice Varieties on Age Specific Life Table and Population Growth Parameters of Trichogramma brassicae, the egg parasitoid of the striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis. Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science, 45(1): 1-11. (in Persian with English abstract).

34- Razmjou J., Moharramipour S., Fathipour Y., and Mirhoseini S.Z. 2006. Effect of cotton cultivar on performance of Aphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Iran. Journal of Economic Entomology, 99:1820-1825.

35- Safa M., Yazdanian M., and Sarailoo M.H. 2014. Larval feeding from some artificial diets and its effects on biological parameters of the mediterranean flour moth. Munis Entomology and Zoology, 9(2):678-686.

36- Sedlacek J.D., Weston P.A., and Barney R.J. 1996. Lepidoptera and psocoptera. In: Subramanyam B, Hagstrum DW, editors. Integrated management of insects in stored products. New York (NY): Marcel Dekker; pp. 41-70.

37- Smith S.M., and Hubbes M. 1986. Isoenzyme patterns and biology of Trichogramma minutum as influenced by rearing temperature and host. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 42:249-258.

38- Soltani Nezhad P., Shirvani A., and Rashki M. 2014. Effect of different diets on rearing flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. p. 875-880. First Iran's pistachio conference, 31 August-1 September 2014. (In Persian).

39- Suh C.P.C., Orr D.B., and Van Duyn J.W. 2000. Trichogramma releases in North Carolina cotton: Why releases fail to suppress Heliothine pests. Journal of Economic Entomology, 93:1137-1145.

40- Tarlak P., Mehrkhou F., and Mousavi M. 2014. Life history and fecundity rate of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on different wheat flour varieties. Archives of phytopathology and protection. p. 25-34.

41- Tillman P.G., and Cate J.R. 1993. Effect of host size on adult size and sex ratio of Bracon melitor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Environmental Entomology, 22:1161-1165.

42- Uzun S. 1994. Studies on the parasitoid host relationship of Trichogramma brassicae Bez. (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) and eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zell. under different temperatures and storage periods. Journal of Applied Entomology, 119:431- 440.

43- Vaez N., Nouri Gh., Ganbalani Iranipour Sh., Mashhadi Jafarloo M., and Asghari Zakaria R. 2009. Necessity of encountering Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko wasps reared on alternative hosts, cereal moth Sitotroga cerealella Hubner and flour moth Anagasta kuehniella Zeller to target pest bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Hubner prior to release. Journal of Agricultural Knowledge, 19(1):317-332. (in Persian).

44- Weiru Z., and Ren W. 1989. Rearing of Orius sauteri (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) with natural and artificial diets. Chinese journal of biological control, 5:9-12.

45- Xu J., Wang Q., and He X.Z. 2007. Influence of larval density on biological fitness of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). New Zealand Plant Protection, 60:199-202.

46- Yazdani Khorasgani A., Hosseini Bai Sh., Hadad Irani Nezhad K., and Mashhadi Jafarloo M. 2006. An investigation on some biological traits of Trichogramma brassicae Bezd. on the eggs of angoumois grain moth Sitotroga cerealella Oliv. Journal of agricultural sciences, 19(1): 271-282. (in Persian with English abstract).

47- Yu D.S.K., Hagley E.A., and Laing J.E. 1984. Biology of Trichogramma minutum Riley. Collected from apples in Southern Ontoria. Environmental Entomology, 13:1324-1329.