بهینه‌سازی مصرف کود در گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) با استفاده از شاخص تغذیه نیتروژن

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 4، دوره 10، شماره 3، دی 1397، صفحه 647-664   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i3.32578

نویسندگان

مهدی نصیری محلاتی؛ علیرضا کوچکی^*

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به­منظور نعیین شاخص تغذیه نیتروژن برای ارقام گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) آزمایشی مزرعه­ای با آرایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. دو فاکتور آزمایش عبارت بودند از سه رقم گندم (چمران، گاسکوژن و سایونز) و چهار سطح مصرف نیتروژن (صفر، 55، 110 و 170 کیلوگرم در هکتار). میزان ماده خشک و درصد نیتروژن قسمت های هوایی طی پنج نوبت در دوره رشد رویشی اندازه­گیری شد. با استفاده از این داده­ها غلظت­های بحرانی و منحنی بحرانی رقیق شدن نیتروژن محاسبه و با منحنی رقیق شدن مرجع برای گندم مقایسه شد. منحنی حاصل از این تحقیق غلظت­های بحرانی را کمتر از منحنی مرجع برآورد کرد، البته ضرایب معادله به­ضرایب منحنی مرجع نزدیک و با آن قابل مقایسه بود. به­طور کلی، منحنی رقیق شدن و جذب بحرانی نیتروژن کمبود، کفایت و بیش بود نیتروژن در قسمت های هوایی گندم را در سطوح مختلف مصرف این نهاده به­خوبی توصیف کرد. در تیمارهای شاهد و kg N.ha-1 55 هر سه رقم گندم در شرایط محدودیت نیتروژن قرار داشتند. در حالی­که در تیمار kg N.ha-1 170 مقدار نیتروژن تجمع یافته در گیاه بیشتر از نیاز رشدی بود، در تیمار kg N.ha-1 110 جذب نیتروژن در ارقام تحت بررسی به مقادیر بحرانی بسیار نزدیک بود. شاخص تغذیه نیتروژن (NNI) از نسبت غلظت اندازه­گیری شده نیتروژن در قسمت هوایی به نسبت بحرانی آن محاسبه شد. در تیمارهای شاهد و kg N.ha-1 55  مقدار NNI در تمام دوره رویشی کمتر از یک بود در حالی­که در تیمار kg N.ha-1 110 در حدود یک و در تیمار kg N.ha-1 170  بین 1 تا 3/1 قرار داشت. شاخص تغذیه نیتروژن در مرحله گلدهی رابطه معنی­داری با عملکرد نسبی ارقام گندم داشت و حداکثر عملکرد هر سه رقم تحت بررسی در NNI بین 1-9/0 حاصل شد. بین پروتئین دانه و NNI در مرحله گلدهی نیز رابطه خطی معنی­داری وجود داشت. بر اساس یافته­های این تحقیق با استفاده از شاخص تغذیه نیتروژن که بر مبنای منحنی رقیق شدن این نهاده محاسبه می­شود می­توان برآورد دقیقی از سرعت رشد محصول، تولید ماده خشک، عملکرد و تا حدودی پروتئین دانه به­دست آورد و مقدار بهینه کود نیتروژن را برای دستیابی به هر سطحی از عملکرد دانه تعیین نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

غلظت بحرانی نیتروژن؛ منحنی رقیق شدن بحرانی نیتروژن؛ جذب بحرانی نیتروژن؛ عملکرد دانه؛ پروتئین

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