کاربرد نهاده‎های بوم‎سازگار در زراعت گاوزبان ایرانی (Echium amoenum Fisch. & Mey.) در شرایط مشهد

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 6، دوره 10، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 37، مهر 1397، صفحه 679-698   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i3.49639

نویسندگان

محمد بهزاد امیری¹؛ پرویز رضوانی مقدم^{* 2}؛ محسن جهان²

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد، گناباد، ایران

²گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

به‎منظور بررسی اثر اسیدهای آلی، ریزوباکترهای محرک رشد گیاه و گونه‎های مختلف میکوریزا بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گاوزبان ایرانی (Echium amoenum Fisch. & Mey.) پژوهشی در دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سه سال زراعی متوالی 91-1390، 92-1391 و 93-1392 به­صورت اسپلیت‎پلات در زمان در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. هفت نوع اصلاح­کننده­ خاک و کود بیولوژیک مختلف شامل 1- اسید هیومیک، 2- اسید فولویک، 3- نیتروکسین (حاوی باکتری‌های Azotobacter spp. و Azospirillum spp.)، 4- بیوفسفر (حاوی باکتری‌های Bacillus sp. و Pseudomonas sp.)، 5- بیوسولفور (حاوی باکتری­ Thiobacillus spp.)، 6- میکوریزا (حاوی قارچ Glomus mosseae) و 7- میکوریزا (حاوی قارچ Glomus intraradices) و عدم استفاده از کود به­عنوان تیمار شاهد در کرت­های اصلی و زمان (سال­های زراعی دوم و سوم) در کرت­های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار عملکرد گل خشک (1004 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در نتیجه­ کاربرد اسید ­هیومیک به­دست آمد. کاربرد اسیدهای آلی هیومیک و فولویک وزن دانه در بوته را به‎ترتیب 38 و 25 درصد و تعداد دانه در بوته را به‎ترتیب 19 و 17 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش دادند. کودهای اسید فولویک، نیتروکسین، بیوفسفر، بیوسولفور، میکوریزا (Glomus mosseae) و میکوریزا (Glomus intraradices) نیز به­ترتیب افزایش 27، 20، 4، 26، 30 و 28 درصدی عملکرد گل خشک را در مقایسه با شاهد سبب شدند. بیشترین شاخص برداشت گل و دانه به­ترتیب در نتیجه­ استفاده از میکوریزا (Glomus intraradices) و اسید هیومیک حاصل شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسید هیومیک؛ سلامت بوم‎نظام؛ شاخص برداشت گل؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ کود بیولوژیک؛ میکوریزا

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