تعداد نشریات | 49 |
تعداد شمارهها | 1,799 |
تعداد مقالات | 19,112 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 8,412,580 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 5,738,429 |
ارزیابی کارایی مصرف نیتروژن در نظامهای زراعی تولید گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) | ||
بوم شناسی کشاورزی | ||
مقاله 7، دوره 10، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 37، مهر 1397، صفحه 699-718 اصل مقاله (1.25 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i3.54239 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
حمید رضا توکلی کاخکی* 1؛ مهدی نصیری محلاتی2؛ علیرضا کوچکی2؛ علیرضا بهشتی3 | ||
1بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد | ||
2گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران. | ||
3مرکز تحقیقات آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی | ||
چکیده | ||
نظامهای رایج کشاورزی برای حفظ و تقویت حاصلخیزی خاک به کودهای شیمیایی بهویژه کودهای نیتروژنی وابسته میباشند.گرچه مصرف کودهای نیتروژنی نقش قابل توجهی در افزایش عملکرد داشته است، اما مصرف بیرویه آن با کاهش کارایی مصرف نیتروژن همراه بوده است. این پژوهش بهمنظور بررسی و تجزیه و تحلیل، روند تغییرات کارایی مصرف نیتروژن و تعیین سهم نسبی اجزای کارایی در نظامهای زراعی گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) با استفاده از مدل CENTURY انجام شده است. نتایج بهدست آمده در این مطالعه نشان داد که میانگین کارایی مصرف نیتروژن در نظامهای زراعی گندم این مطالعه 3/28 کیلوگرم دانه بهازای هر کیلوگرم نیتروژن فراهم یا قابل جذب خاک بود. نظامهای زراعی گندم (تبریز، شیراز، گرگان) بالاترین و در مقابل نظامهای زراعی (کرمان، بیرجند، زابل) کمترین کارایی مصرف نیتروژن را دارا بودند. بررسی روند تغییرات عملکرد در مقابل کارایی مصرف نیتروژن نشان داد با افزایش یک واحدکارایی مصرف نیتروژن، عملکرد با شیبی معادل14/0 تن افزایش یافته است. از طرفی همبستگی مثبت و معنیداری بین کارایی مصرف نیتروژن با کارایی تبدیل (r=0.73 p≤0.01) و جذب نیتروژن (r=0.69 p≤0.01) بهدست آمد. همچنین، تفکیک سهم نسبی اجزای کارایی مصرف نیتروژن حاکی از آن بود که در دامنه مصرف 120-80 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار سهم نسبی اجزای کارایی جذب و تبدیل بهترتیب 64 و 36 درصد بود که با افزایش مصرف نیتروژن بهمیزان 160-121 کیلوگرم در هکتار سهم نسبی کارایی جذب به 33 درصد وکارایی تبدیل به 67 درصد تغییر یافت. بهنظر میرسد در نظامهای تولید گندم هنگامی که جزء غالب کارایی جذب میباشد مدیریت زراعی و استفاده از روشهای اصلاحی زمانی که جزء غالب کارایی تبدیل میباشد به عنوان رهیافتهای پیشنهادی در جهت بهبود کارایی مصرف نیتروژن مورد توجه میباشند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
آنالیز اجزاء کارایی؛ پایداری تولید؛ کارایی تبدیل؛ کارایی جذب | ||
مراجع | ||
Abeledo, L.G., Calderini, D.F., and Slafer, G.A. 2008. Nitrogen economy in old and modern malting barleys. Field Crops Research 106: 171-178.
Alijani, F., Karbasi, A., and Mozafari Mosen, M. 2011. Survey of the effects of climate change on yield of irrigated wheat in Iran. Agricultural Economic and Development 76:143-167.
Annabi Milani, A., 2007. Interaction of irrigation regimes and nitrogen sources on grain yield and water use efficiency of wheat. Journal of Agroecology 2: 43-56. (In Persian with English Summary)
Ayneband, A., Moezi, A., and Sabet, M. 2011. The comparision of nitrogen use efficiencies in old and modern wheat cultivars: Agroecological results. American- Eurasian Journal Agricultural Environmental Science 10: 574-586.
Bahrani, A., and Tahmasebi Sarvestani, Z. 2007. Effect of rate and times of nitrogen application on accumulation and remobilization efficiency of flag leaf in two wheat cultivars. Journal of Water and Soil Science 11: 147-155. (In Persian with English Summary)
Bakhshaie, S., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., and Goldani, M. 2014. The effects of nitroxin and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 12: 360-368. (In Persian with English summary)
Barraclough, P.B., Howarth, J.R., Jones, J., Lopez-Bellido, R., Parmar, S., Shepherd, C.E., and Hawkesford, M.J. 2010. Nitrogen efficiency of wheat: genotypic and environmental variation and prospects for improvement. European Journal of Agronomy 33: 1-11.
Bruinsma, J. 2009. The resource outlook to 2050. Expert meeting on how to feed the world in 2050. FAO.
Cassman, K.G., Dobermann, A., and Walters, D.T. 2002. Agroecosystems, nitrogen-use efficiency, and nitrogen management. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 31: 132-140.
Conant, R.T., Berdanier, A.B., and Grace, P.R. 2013. Patterns and trends in nitrogen use and nitrogen recovery efficiency in world agriculture. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 27: 558-566.
Dawson, J.C., Huggins, D.R., and Jones, S.S. 2008. Characterizing nitrogen use efficiency in natural and agricultural ecosystems to improve the performance of cereal crops in low-input and organic agricultural systems. Field Crops Research 107: 89-101.
Deihimfard, R., Mahallati, M.N., and Koocheki, A. 2015. Yield gap analysis in major wheat growing areas of Khorasan province, Iran, through crop modelling. Field Crops Research 184: 28-38.
Delgado, J., and Shaffer, M. 2008. Nitrogen Management Modeling Techniques: Assessing Cropping Systems/Landscape Combinations. Elsevier Inc.
Dhugga, K.S., and Waines, J. 1989. Analysis of nitrogen accumulation and use in bread and durum wheat. Crop Science 29: 1232-1239
Fageria, N., and Baligar, V. 2005. Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants. Advances in agronomy 88: 97-185.
Farshid, R., Zamani, G., Behdani, M., and Sahrai, E. 2012. Effects of salinity and nitrogen application methods on yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 10: 18-24. (In Persian with English Summary)
FAOSTAT. 2013. Crop production Statistics. Food and Agriculture Organization Rome. Available online at: www.faostat.fao.org
Foth, H.D., and Ellis, B.G. 1997. Soil Fertility. CRC Press, Inc. USA.
Foulkes, M., Hawkesford, M., Barraclough, P., Holdsworth, M., Kerr, S., Kightley, S., and Shewry, P. 2009. Identifying traits to improve the nitrogen economy of wheat: recent advances and futureprospects. Field Crops Research 114: 329-342.
Gabarron-Galeote, M.A., Trigalet, S., and van Wesemael, B. 2015. Soil organic carbon evolution after land abandonment along a precipitation gradient in southern Spain. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 199: 114-123.
Gaju, O., Allard, V., Martre, P., Snape, J., Heumez, E., LeGouis, J., Moreau, D., Bogard, M., Griffiths, S., and Orford, S. 2011. Identification of traits to improve the nitrogen-use efficiency of wheat genotypes. Field Crops Research 123: 139-152.
Gastal, F., Lemaire, G., Durand, J.L., and Louarn, G. 2014. Quantifying crop responses to nitrogen and avenues to improve nitrogen-use efficiency. Crop Physiology–Applications for Genetic Improvement and Agronomy, 2nd Edn. Academic, Elsevier, 161-206.
Gerami, F., Aynehband, A., and Fateh, E. 2013. Effect of green manures and nitrogen fertilizer levels on early growth, yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science. 23: 1-17. (In Persian with English Summary)
Greenwood, D., Gastal, F., Lemaire, G., Draycott, A., Millard, P., and Neeteson, J. 1991. Growth rate and %N of field grown crops: theory and experiments. Annals of Botany 67: 181-190.
Group, F.F.O.W. 2012. Current world fertilizer trends and outlook to 2016. Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome. Available online at: ftp://ftp. fao. org/ag/agp/docs/cwfto16.
Hurley, T.M., Malzer, G.L., and Kilian, B. 2004. Estimating site-specific nitrogen crop response functions. Agronomy Journal 96: 1331-1343
Hirel, B., and Lemaire, G. 2006. From agronomy and ecophysiology to molecular genetics for improving nitrogen use efficiency in crops. Journal of Crop Improvement 15: 213-257.
Hosseini, R., Galeshi, S., Soltani, A., and Kalateh, M. 2011. The effect of nitrogen on yield and yield component in modern and old wheat cultivars. Electronic Journal of Crop Producation. 4:187-200. (In Persian with English Summary)
Hosseini, R., Galeshi, S., Soltani, A., Kalateh, M., and Zahed, M. 2013. The effect of nitrogen rate on nitrogen use efficicency index in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research 11: 300-306. (In Persian with in English Summary)
Jimenez, E.I., and Garcia, V.P. 1992. Relationships between organic carbon and total organic matter in municipal solid wastes and city refuse composts. Bioresource Technology 41: 265-272.
Khasseh Serjani, A., Farahbakhsh, H., Ravari, S.Z., Pasandipoor, N., and Karami, A. 2011. Evaluation the effect of biological, zinc sulphate and nitrogen fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wheat yield. Iranian Journal of Soil Research 25: 125-135. (In Persian with English Summary)
Lal, R. 2010. Beyond Copenhagen: mitigating climate change and achieving food security through soil carbon sequestration. Food Security 2: 169-177.
Linacre, E.T. 1977. A simple formula for estimating evaporation rates in various climates, using temperature data alone. Agricultural Meteorology 18: 409-424.
Mdhej, A., Naderi, A., Imam, Y., Aynehband, A., and Normohamadi, G. 2009. Effect of different nitrogen level on grain yield , grain protein content and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in wheat genotypes under optimum and post- anthesis heat stress conditions. Seed and Plant Production Journal 25: 353-371. (In Persian with English Summary)
Mikanova, O., Šimon, T., Javůrek, M., and Vach, M. 2012. Relationships between winter wheat yields and soil carbon under various tillage systems. Plant, Soil and Environment 58: 540-544.
Moll, R., Kamprath, E., and Jackson, W. 1982. Analysis and interpretation of factors which contribute to efficiency of nitrogen utilization. Agronomy Journal 74: 562-564.
Nassiri Mahalati, M., and Koocheki, A. 2014. Trend analysis of nitrogen use and productivity in cereal production system of Iran. Journal of Agroecology 6: 1-25. (In Persian with in English Summary)
Oelofse, M., Markussen, B., Knudsen, L., Schelde, K., Olesen, J.E., Jensen, L.S., and Bruun, S. 2015. Do soil organic carbon levels affect potential yields and nitrogen use efficiency? An analysis of winter wheat and spring barley field trials. European Journal of Agronomy 66: 62-73.
Paponov, I., Aufhammer, W., Kaul, H.P., and Ehmele, F.P. 1996. Nitrogen efficiency components of winter cereals. European Journal of Agronomy 5: 115-124.
Parton, W. 1996. The CENTURY model. Evaluation of soil organic matter models. Springer p. 283-291.
Parton, W., McKeown, R., Kirchner, V., and Ojima, D. 1992. Users guide for the CENTURY model.
Parton, W.J., and Rasmussen, P., 1994. Long-term effects of crop management in wheat-fallow: II. CENTURY model simulations. Soil Science Society of America Journal 58: 530-536.
Pathak, H., Aggarwal, P., Roetter, R., Kalra, N., Bandyopadhaya, S., Prasad, S., and Van Keulen, H. 2003. Modelling the quantitative evaluation of soil nutrient supply, nutrient use efficiency, and fertilizer requirements of wheat in India. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 65: 105-113.
Pourazari, F., Ehsanzade, P., and Jahanbin, S. 2011. Response of hulled tetraploid wheats to nitrogen deficit stress in comparison to macaroni wheat. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 42: 285-294. (In Persian with English Summary)
Sainju, U.M., Lenssen, A.W., Caesar-TonThat, T., and Evans, R.G. 2009. Dryland crop yields and soil organic matter as influenced by long-term tillage and cropping sequence. Agronomy Journal 101: 243-251.
Sanjani, S., Koocheki, A., and Nassiri Mahallati, M. 2012. Quantifying yield potential and yield gap for corn (Zea mays L.) in the Northeast Iran. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 22: 1692-1700.
SAS, 2002. Procedures Guide. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
Semenov, M.A., Jamieson, P.D., and Martre, P. 2007. Deconvoluting nitrogen use efficiency in wheat: a simulation study. European Journal of Agronomy 26: 83-294.
Shaffer, M.J., Ma, L., and Hansen, S. 2010. Modeling Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics for Soil Management. CRC PressUSA. 651.
Shahabifar, M., and Daryashenas, A. 2004. Increase of N use efficiency in wheat fertigation method by optimum split N at growth stage. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Soil and Water Research Institute. 44674. (In Persian with English Summary)
Statistical Year Book. 2013. Department of Agricultural Statistics. Jihad-e-Agriculture Ministry. 167pp. (In Persian)
Sylvester-Bradley, R., Stokes, D., Scott, R., and Willington, V. 1990. A physiological analysis of the diminishing responses of winter wheat to applied nitrogen. 2. Evidence. Aspects of Applied Biology 25: 289-300.
Taghipoor, F. 2005. The effect of nitrogen sources on the yield and quality of wheat. Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization 84-955. (In Persian with English Summary)
Tilman, D., Cassman, K.G., Matson, P.A., Naylor, R., and Polasky, S. 2002. Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature 418: 671-677.
Van Sanford, D., and MacKown, C. 1986. Variation in nitrogen use efficiency among soft red winter wheat genotypes. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 72: 158-163.
Wallach, D., and Goffinet, B. 1989. Mean squared error of prediction as a criterion for evaluating and comparing system models. Ecological Modelling 44: 299-306.
Weih, M., Asplund, L., and Bergkvist, G. 2011. Assessment of nutrient use in annual and perennial crops: A functional concept for analyzing nitrogen use efficiency. Plant and Soil 339: 513-520.
Willmott, C.J. 1982. Some comments on the evaluation of model performance. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 63: 1309-1313.
Yang, J., Yang, J., Liu, S., and Hoogenboom, G. 2014. An evaluation of the statistical methods for testing the performance of crop models with observed data. Agricultural Systems 127: 81-89 | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 538 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 351 |