ارزیابی کارایی مصرف نیترو‍ژن در نظام‌های زراعی تولید گندم (Triticum aestivum L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 7، دوره 10، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 37، مهر 1397، صفحه 699-718   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i3.54239

نویسندگان

حمید رضا توکلی کاخکی^{* 1}؛ مهدی نصیری محلاتی²؛ علیرضا کوچکی²؛ علیرضا بهشتی³

¹بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد

²گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

³مرکز تحقیقات آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی

چکیده

نظام‌های رایج کشاورزی برای حفظ و تقویت حاصلخیزی خاک به کودهای شیمیایی به­ویژه کودهای نیتروژنی وابسته می‌باشند.گرچه مصرف کودهای نیتروژنی نقش قابل توجهی در افزایش عملکرد داشته است، اما مصرف بی­رویه آن با کاهش کارایی مصرف نیتروژن همراه بوده است. این پژوهش به­منظور بررسی و تجزیه و تحلیل، روند تغییرات کارایی مصرف نیتروژن و تعیین سهم نسبی اجزای کارایی در نظام‌های زراعی گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) با استفاده از مدل CENTURY انجام شده است. نتایج به­دست آمده در این مطالعه نشان داد که میانگین کارایی مصرف نیتروژن در نظام‌های زراعی گندم این مطالعه 3/28 کیلوگرم دانه به­ازای هر کیلوگرم نیتروژن فراهم یا قابل جذب خاک بود. نظام‌های زراعی گندم (تبریز، شیراز، گرگان) بالاترین و در مقابل نظام‌های زراعی (کرمان، بیرجند، زابل) کمترین کارایی  مصرف نیتروژن را دارا بودند. بررسی روند تغییرات عملکرد در مقابل کارایی مصرف نیتروژن نشان داد با افزایش یک واحدکارایی مصرف نیتروژن، عملکرد با شیبی معادل14/0 تن افزایش یافته است. از طرفی همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری بین کارایی مصرف نیتروژن با کارایی تبدیل (r=0.73 p≤0.01) و جذب نیتروژن (r=0.69 p≤0.01) به­دست آمد. همچنین، تفکیک سهم نسبی اجزای کارایی مصرف نیتروژن حاکی از آن بود که در دامنه مصرف 120-80 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار سهم نسبی اجزای کارایی جذب و تبدیل به­ترتیب 64 و 36 درصد بود که با افزایش مصرف نیتروژن به­میزان 160-121 کیلوگرم در هکتار سهم نسبی کارایی جذب به 33 درصد وکارایی تبدیل به 67 درصد تغییر یافت. به­نظر می‌رسد در نظام‌های تولید گندم هنگامی که جزء غالب کارایی جذب می­باشد مدیریت زراعی و استفاده از روش‌های اصلاحی زمانی که جزء غالب کارایی تبدیل می‌باشد به عنوان رهیافت‌های پیشنهادی در جهت بهبود کارایی مصرف نیتروژن مورد توجه می­باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنالیز اجزاء کارایی؛ پایداری تولید؛ کارایی تبدیل؛ کارایی جذب

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