بررسی اثرات پرایمینگ و تنش کم‌آبی بر رشد و عملکرد آفتابگردان آجیلی (Helianthus annuus L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 10، دوره 10، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 37، مهر 1397، صفحه 747-764   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i3.58044

نویسندگان

امیر رضا صادقی بختوری^{* 1}؛ بهمن پاسبان اسلام²؛ نسترن حاجی زاده اصل³

¹دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان

²مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، آذربایجان شرقی

³شهید مدنی آذربایجان

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر پرایمینگ و تنش کم‌آبی بر رشد و عملکرد آفتابگردان آجیلی (Helianthus annuus L.) آزمایشی در دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در تابستان 1393 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل فاکتور پرایمینگ در چهار سطح (آب با نیتروکسین، آب با اکسین، آب مقطر (شاهد) و بدون پرایمینگ) و فاکتور تنش کم‌آبی در سه مرحله (ساقه رفتن، پر شدن دانه و شاهد (بدون تنش در کل دوره رشد)) بودند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که تمامی صفات مورد بررسی تحت تأثیر اثرات اصلی پرایمینگ و تنش کم‌آبی قرار گرفتند. پیش تیمار کردن بذرها سبب افزایش معنی­داری در سرعت رشد مطلق بوته و طبق، قطر طبق، تعداد دانه در طبق، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه و نسبت مغز دانه به کل دانه و کاهش درصد دانه­های پوک در طبق شد. اما تنش کم‌آبی باعث کاهش تمامی صفات، به‌جز درصد دانه­های پوک گردید. تنش کم‌آبی در مرحله پر شدن دانه باعث بیشترین کاهش عملکرد دانه در بوته در واحد سطح گردید. بیشترین مقدار عملکرد دانه در پرایمینگ آب با نیتروکسین به دست آمد. نتایج کلی این تحقیق، بیانگر این بود که پرایمینگ کردن بذور باعث کاهش اثرات سوء تنش کم‌آبی از طریق تحریک رشد و تقسیم سلولی و افزایش بنیه اولیه گیاهچه شده و همچنین می­تواند در افزایش اجزای عملکرد و عملکرد آفتابگردان آجیلی عاملی مؤثر برای دستیابی به کشاورزی پایدار باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پرایمینگ؛ تنش کم‌آبی؛ رشد و عملکرد؛ آفتابگردان

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