ارزیابی امکان نشاءکاری آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) در شرایط آب و هوایی کرمانشاه

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 12، دوره 10، شماره 3، دی 1397، صفحه 775-787  

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i3.59751

نویسندگان

ژاله زارعی؛ حسن حیدری ؛ ایرج نصرتی؛ محمود خرمی وفا

دانشگاه رازی

چکیده

آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) از گیاهان زراعی است که به­منظور تولید روغن یا آجیل زراعت می­شود. به­منظور ارزیابی امکان نشاءکاری آفتابگردان در شرایط آب و هوایی استان کرمانشاه این پژوهش در دو بخش گلخانه و مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه در دو سال (94 – 1393) انجام شد. آزمایش در سال اول به­صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار بود که فاکتورها شامل سه روش کاشت (کشت مستقیم بذر، کشت نشاء چهار هفته­ای و کشت نشاء شش هفته­ای) و دو تاریخ کاشت (کشت زود هنگام و کشت زمان معمول) بود. آزمایش در سال دوم به­صورت طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد که تیمارها شامل نشاءکاری چهار هفته­ای زودهنگام (تیمار برتر سال اول) و کشت مستقیم بذر (شاهد) بود. نتایج سال اول نشان داد که بیشترین ماده خشک تولید شده و بالاترین سطح برگ مربوط به نشاء چهار هفته­ای زودهنگام بود که جهت تکرار آزمایش برای کشت در سال دوم انتخاب شد. نتایج پژوهش در سال دوم نشان داد که نشاءکاری در مقایسه با کشت مستقیم بذر به­طور معنی­دار باعث افزایش تعداد برگ، سطح برگ، ماده تازه و خشک بوته، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در طبق، وزن مغز و وزن پوست دانه، عملکرد دانه و وزن صد دانه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اجزای عملکرد؛ بذرکاری؛ عملکرد دانه؛ ماده خشک؛ نشاءکاری

مراجع

Aghayari, F., Faraji, A., and Kordkatooli, A. 2016. Determination of yield and yield components response of soybean (Glycine max L.) to swing date, temperature and sunshine hours. Journal of Agroecology 7(4): 547-562. (In Persian with English Summary)

Ala, A., Aghaalikhani, M., Amiri Larijani, B., and Soofizadeh, S. 2014. Light use efficiency of rice varieties under direct seeding and transplanting systems with weed interference. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 45(1): 147-160. (In Persian with English Summary)

Aron, D. 1949. Copper enzymes isolated chloroplasts, polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology 24: 1- 15.

Asgarnezhad, M.R., Zaraei, G.R., and Zarezadeh, A. 2015. The effect of planting date and plant density on yield and yield components of black mustard (Brassica nigra) the weather conditions. Abarkuh Electronic Journal of Crop Production 8(3): 183-198. (In Persian with English Summary)

Daneshian, J., Jamshidi, E., Ghalavand, A., and Farrokhi, E. 2008. Determination of the suitable plant density and planting date for new hybrid (CMS-26 × R-103) of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 10(1): 72-87. (In Persian with English Summary)

Dong, H.Z., Li, W.J., Tang, W., Li, Z.H., and Zhang, D.M. 2005. Increased yield and Revenue with a seedling transplanting system for hybrid seed production in Bt cotton. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 191(2): 116-124.

Ghamkhar, F., Hassanpour, A.G., Bagheri, S., and Mohamadi, A.H. 2011. Effect of medium composition type and bed volume on production and establishement of transplanted watermelon CV. Crimson Sweet. National Conference on Advances in Agronomy, Quds City, Islamic Azad University, Quds city Branch, Iran Available at: http://www.civilica.com/Paper-NCAAGRI01-NCAAGRI01_181.html. (In Persian)

Ghiasabadi, M., Khajeh-Hosseini, M., and Mohammad-Abadi, A.A. 2014. Investigating effects of transplanting date on growth indexes and yield of forage corn (Zea mays L.) in Mashhad. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 12(1): 137-145. (In Persian with English Summary)

Ghorbani, R., Miralavi, S.V.A., and Sabet timori, M. 2013. Effect of sowing density and date of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on density and weed biomass in Shirvan climate conditions. Journal of Agroecology 4(4): 294-306. (In Persian with English Summary)

Golmohammadi, M.J., and Nahvi, M. 2009. Effects of different dates of transplanting on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) yield and its components as second crop after rice in Ghilan (Rasht) conditions. Journal of Agroecology 1(2): 8-81. (In Persian with English Summary)

Guilani, A.A., Siadat, S.A., and Fathi, G. 2003. Effect of plant density and seedling age on yield and yield components in 3 rice cultivars in Khusestan growth conditions. Iranian Journal Agriculture Sciences 34(2): 427-438. (In Persian with English Summary)

Heidari Zolleh, H., Bahraminejad, S., Maleki, G., and Papzan, A.H. 2009. Response of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) to sowing date and plant density. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 5: 597-602.

Jamshidi, E., Ghalavand, A., Salehi, A., Javad Zare, M., and Jamshidi, A.R. 2009. Effect of Arbuscular mycorrhizal on yield, yield components and plant characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 11(1):136-150. (In Persian with English Summary)

Karimzade Asl, K.H., Mazaheri, D., and Peighambari, A. 2003. Effect of four irrigation intervals on the seed yield and quantitive characteristics of three sunflower cultivars. Iranian Journal Agriculture Sciences 34(2): 293-301. (In Persian with English Summary)

Khajehpour, M.R. 2012. Industrial Plants. Jihade-Daneshgahi of Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran 571 pp. (In Persian)

Shukla, Y.R., Chhopal, T., and Sharma, R. 2011. Effect of age of transplants on growth and yield of capsicum. International Journal of Farm Sciences 1(2): 56-62.

Mazahery-Laghab1, H., Salvati, S., and Mahmoudi, R. 2012. Response of the yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivar Armavirski to sowing time and plant density in rain fed conditions in Ghorveh Kordestan. Plant Production Technology 11(2): 63-74. (In Persian with English Summary)

Mirzaee, Y., and Khodadadi, M. 2008. The survey of production methods effects (transplant, onion set and seed) on the some traits in onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars at continued production design in Jiroft region. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi 80: 69-76. (In Persian with English Summary)

Ozalkan, C., Seprto, H., and Daur, I. 2010. Relationship between some plant growth parameters and grain yield chickpea during different growth stages. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 15(1): 79-83.

P30download. 2016. Digimizer, software for precise measurement of things existing in images. Available at Web site http://p30download.com/fa/entry/35475/ (verrified 13 April 2016).

Paseban Islam, B. 2009. Comparing the yield of winter rapeseed cultivars in different planting dates. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3(10): 2-10. (In Persian with English Summary)

Rabiee, M., Alinia, F., and Tousi Kehal, P. 2011. Effect of transplanting date on seed yield and its components of four rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars as second crop in Rasht in Iran. Seed and Plant Production Journal 2- 27(2): 251-267. (In Persian with English Summary)

Rahnama, A.A., and Bakhshandeh, A.M. 2006. Effect of sowing dates and direct seeding and transplanting methods on agronomic characteristics and grain yield of canola under Ahwaz conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 7(4): 324-336. (In Persian with English Summary)

Rao, A.N., Johnson, D.E., Sivaprasad, B., Ladha, J.K., and Mortimer, A.M. 2007. Weed management in direct-seeded rice. Advances in Agronomy 93: 153-255.

Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Bromand Rezazadeh, Z., Mohamad Abadi, A.A., and Sharif, A. 2008. Effects of sowing dates and different fertilizers on yield, yield components, and oil percentage of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 6(2): 303-313. (In Persian with English Summary)

Rezvani Moghaddam, P., and Motlagh, M. 2007. Effect of sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components of black cumin (Nigella sativa) in Islamabad-Ghayein. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 76: 62-68. (In Persian with English Summary)

Roshdi, M., Heydari Sharifabad, H., Karimi, M., Noor Mohammadi, G., and Darvish, F. 2006. A survey on the impact of water deficiency over the yield of sunflower seed cultivar and its components. Journal of Agriculture Sciences (1): 109-122. (In Persian with English Summary)

Taleie1, N., Hamidoghli, Y., Rabiei, B., and Hamidoghli, S. 2012. Effects of plant density and transplanting date on herbage, stevioside, phenol and flavonoid yield of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 4(6): 298-302.

Turner, N.C., and Kramer, P.J. 1980. Adoptation of plant to water and high temperature stress. Forest Science 27(4): 640.