ارزیابی امکان نشاءکاری آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) در شرایط آب و هوایی کرمانشاه

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 12، دوره 10، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 37، مهر 1397، صفحه 775-787   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i3.59751

نویسندگان

ژاله زارعی؛ حسن حیدری^* ؛ ایرج نصرتی؛ محمود خرمی وفا

گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) از گیاهان زراعی است که به­منظور تولید روغن یا آجیل زراعت می­شود. به­منظور ارزیابی امکان نشاءکاری آفتابگردان در شرایط آب و هوایی استان کرمانشاه این پژوهش در دو بخش گلخانه و مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه در دو سال (94 – 1393) انجام شد. آزمایش در سال اول به­صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار بود که فاکتورها شامل سه روش کاشت (کشت مستقیم بذر، کشت نشاء چهار هفته­ای و کشت نشاء شش هفته­ای) و دو تاریخ کاشت (کشت زود هنگام و کشت زمان معمول) بود. آزمایش در سال دوم به­صورت طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد که تیمارها شامل نشاءکاری چهار هفته­ای زودهنگام (تیمار برتر سال اول) و کشت مستقیم بذر (شاهد) بود. نتایج سال اول نشان داد که بیشترین ماده خشک تولید شده و بالاترین سطح برگ مربوط به نشاء چهار هفته­ای زودهنگام بود که جهت تکرار آزمایش برای کشت در سال دوم انتخاب شد. نتایج پژوهش در سال دوم نشان داد که نشاءکاری در مقایسه با کشت مستقیم بذر به­طور معنی­دار باعث افزایش تعداد برگ، سطح برگ، ماده تازه و خشک بوته، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در طبق، وزن مغز و وزن پوست دانه، عملکرد دانه و وزن صد دانه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اجزای عملکرد؛ بذرکاری؛ عملکرد دانه؛ ماده خشک؛ نشاءکاری

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