اثر محلول‌پاشی با عناصر بور و روی بر عملکرد دانه و اجزای عملکرد گلرنگ بهاره (Carthamus tinctorius L.) در شرایط محدودیت آب انتهای فصل

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 15، دوره 10، شماره 3، دی 1397، صفحه 823-840   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i3.60741

نویسندگان

سمیه سهیلی موحد^{* 1}؛ سعید خماری¹؛ پریسا شیخ زاده¹؛ بهرام علیزاده²

¹دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

²تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی اثر محلول­پاشی عناصر کم­مصرف بور و روی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius L.) بهاره (رقم محلی اصفهان) تحت تنش خشکی آخر فصل، دو آزمایش در مزرعه­ی تحقیقاتی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، طی سال­های زراعی 93-1392 و 94-1393 به­صورت اسپیلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام گرفت. کرت اصلی شامل سه سطح محدودیت آب (=S1 آبیاری کامل تا انتهای فصل، =S2 قطع آبیاری از مرحله­ی گلدهی و =S3 قطع آبیاری از مرحله دانه­بندی) و کرت فرعی دربرگیرنده ترکیب فاکتوریل عناصر ریز مغذی بور (0B1=، 350  B2=و 700B3= میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم) و روی (0Zn1=، 1000Zn2= و 2000Zn3= میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم) بود. صفات مورد ارزیابی شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد طبق بارور در بوته، تعداد طبق نابارور در بوته، تعداد دانه در طبق، تعداد دانه در بوته، درصد پوکی دانه، وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی در مرحله گلدهی و دانه­بندی به­صورت معنی­داری عملکرد دانه را نسبت به تیمار شاهد (آبیاری کامل) کاهش داد (به­ترتیب 94/7 و 25/8 درصد). علاوه بر آن وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در بوته و عملکرد بیولوژیک نیز تحت اثرات منفی تنش خشکی قرارگرفتند. اثرات متقابل عناصر ریز­مغذی بور و روی، در تمام صفات مورد بررسی به­جز عملکرد بیولوژیک و ارتفاع بوته معنی­دار بود. تیمار  B3Z2بالاترین افزایش عملکرد دانه را نسبت به B1Z1 (شاهد) دارا بود (66/47 درصد). محلول­پاشی عناصر بور و روی در شرایط تنش در مرحله­ی گلدهی و دانه­بندی، تعداد طبق نابارور در بوته، وزن هزار دانه و درصد پوکی دانه را، به­طور معنی­داری بهبود بخشید. وجود همبستگی مثبت و معنی­دار بین عملکرد و سایر صفات مورد مطالعه نشان داد که محلول­پاشی عناصر ریزمغذی اگر در زمان مناسب و به مقدار بهینه مصرف گردد، در مقاومت به خشکی گیاه اثر مثبت خواهد گذاشت. به­طور­کلی تیمارهای B3Z2 و B2Z2 در شرایط تنش در مرحله گلدهی (به­ترتیب با افزایش عملکرد 8/54% و 8/55% نسبت به تیمار B1Z1) و دانه‌بندی (به­ترتیب با افزایش عملکرد 5/39% و 4/38% نسبت به تیمار B1Z1) توانستند تا حدود زیادی خسارت ناشی از محدودیت آب را در گلرنگ را جبران کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اجزای عملکرد؛ تنش خشکی؛ عملکرد دانه؛ عناصر ریز مغذی

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