کیفیت بذرهای حاصل از گیاهان کتان (Linum usitatissimum L.) تلقیح شده با میکروارگانیسم‌های خاکزی در شرایط کم آبی

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 19، دوره 10، شماره 3، دی 1397، صفحه 897-911   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i3.63102

نویسندگان

سعیده رحیم زاده¹؛ علیرضا پیرزاد^{* 2}

¹دانشگاه ارومیه

²گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

رابطه بین قارچ مایکورایزا و باکتری­های مرتبط با آنها، بدلیل جایگزینی با کودهای شیمیایی اهمیت زیادی در کشاورزی پایدار دارد. به­منظور بررسی اثرات احتمالی قارچ­های مایکورایزا در ارتباط با باکتری حل­کننده فسفر روی کیفیت بذر حاصل از گیاهان کتان (Linum usitatissimum L.)، آزمایشی بصورت فاکتوریل بر پایه بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ارومیه بصورت دو ساله انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل گونه­های قارچ مایکورایزا (Rhizophagus intraradices، Funneliformis mosseae و عدم تلقیح)، باکتری حل­کننده فسفر (تلقیح بذر با Pseudomonas putida P13 و عدم تلقیح) و سه رژیم آبیاری (آبیاری پس از 60، 120 و 180 میلی­متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش فاصله آبیاری از 60 تا 120 میلی­متر، در گیاهان شاهد (بدون تلقیح)، درصد فسفر، پتاسیم، موسیلاژ، و فاکتور تورم و تورم برای هر گرم موسیلاژ بذر، همچنین پتاسیم تراوشی بذر (شاخص صدمه به غشای سلولی) افزایش و با بیشتر شدن تنش در 180 میلی­متر کاهش یافتند. در کلیه سطوح آبیاری، هم­افزایی ناشی از تلقیح توأم قارچ و باکتری باعث بیشترین درصد فسفر، پتاسیم، موسیلاژ و تورم موسیلاژی بذر شد. درصد و سرعت جوانه­زنی در بذور حاصل از تلقیح، با توجه به افزایش حجم موسیلاژ بذر، روند نزولی داشت. البته در تنش شدید بیشترین سرعت و درصد جوانه­زنی از تلقیح توأم بدست آمد. بنابراین از نظر موسیلاژ و جوانه­زنی، می­توان بسته به هدف تولید، دو نوع کیفیت برای بذر کتان تعریف کرد. به­طور کلی بیشترین افزایش در بهبود کیفیت بذر از نظر عناصر غذایی، پروتئین بذر و تولید موسیلاژ، در تلقیح توأم گیاهان با قارچ و باکتری مشاهده شد.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

پسودوموناس؛ تنش خشکی؛ جوانه زنی بذر؛ قارچ میکوریزا؛ موسیلاژ

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