تاثیر طول دوره تداخل علف‌های هرز بر صفات زراعی و عملکرد کمی و کیفی سه رقم گلرنگ

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 5، دوره 31، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 35، خرداد 1396، صفحه 81-91  

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v31i1.50640

نویسندگان

رضا محمد علی نژاد¹؛ سید غلامرضا موسوی ²

¹دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران

²دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بیرجند

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر تداخل علف‌های هرز بر صفات مورفولوژیکی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد سه رقم گلرنگ و همچنین تراکم و وزن علف‌های هرز، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان جنوبی در سال 1392 به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه رقم گلرنگ (گلدشت، پدیده و گلسفید) و شش تیمار تداخل علف‌های هرز (تداخل تا شروع رشد طولی ساقه، تا شروع تولید شاخه فرعی، تا شروع گلدهی، تا انتهای پر شدن دانه و تا پایان فصل رشد و شاهد یا کنترل کامل علف‌های هرز) بود. در این تحقیق صفات تعداد شاخه فرعی، قطر طبق، تعداد طبق در متر مربع، تعداد دانه در طبق، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، درصد و عملکرد روغن و تراکم و وزن خشک علف‌های هرز اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش دوره تداخل تا پایان دوره رشد، منجر به کاهش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام مختلف گلرنگ شد و در این بین رقم پدیده حساسیت کمتر و رقم گلدشت حساسیت بیشتری در برابر علف‌های هرز داشتند. رقم پدیده با 72/25 درصد و 46/70 گرم در متر مربع، بیشترین درصد و عملکرد روغن را به خود اختصاص داد. تداخل علف-های هرز تا پایان فصل رشد گلرنگ باعث کاهش معنی‌دار 6/35 درصدی عملکرد روغن در مقایسه با شاهد گردید. عملکرد دانه به غیر از وزن هزار دانه و درصد روغن، با سایر صفات گلرنگ همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری داشت. به طور کلی، کشت رقم پدیده و کنترل علف‌های هرز را با شروع مرحله تولید شاخه فرعی در زراعت گلرنگ در شرایط این تحقیق می‌توان پیشنهاد نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

درصد روغن؛ رقابت، شاخه‌دهی؛ طبق؛ وزن خشک

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