اثر رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری و تاریخ کاشت بر درصد اسانس، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه دارویی زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 21، دوره 10، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 37، مهر 1397، صفحه 935-948   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v10i3.75201

نویسندگان

عبداله ملافیلابی^{* 1}؛ تهمینه اسفندیاری²

¹دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

²دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شیروان

چکیده

زیره‌ سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.) گیاهی علفی از خانواده چتریان است که سابقه طولانی به عنوان طعم دهنده­های غذایی و در درمان بیماری­ها دارد. این آزمایش با هدف بررسی رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری و تاریخ کاشت بر درصد اسانس، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد زیره سبز به صورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بیرجند در سال زراعی 96-1395 اجرا شد. چهار تاریخ کاشت به عنوان عامل اصلی (5 آذر، 7 دی، 1 اسفند و 29 اسفند) و چهار رژیم آبیاری به عنوان عامل فرعی (آبیاری کامل، دو نوبت آبیاری در زمان رشد رویشی (ساقه رفتن)، دو نوبت آبیاری در زمان گلدهی و دو نوبت آبیاری در زمان دانه­بندی) به عنوان تیمار در نظر گرفته شد. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل وزن بوته، وزن دانه، تعداد چتر در گیاه، تعداد دانه در چتر، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن هزار دانه و درصد اسانس تعیین بود. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل تاریخ‌های مختلف کاشت و رژیم­های آبیاری بر تعداد شاخه جانبی و عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک معنی‌دار بود. اثر ساده تاریخ کاشت بر تعداد دانه در چتر، ارتفاع بوته، درصد اسانس، وزن هزار دانه و شاخص برداشت معنی­دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک در تاریخ کاشت 7 دی ماه همراه با آبیاری کامل به دست آمد. نتایج همبستگی بین صفات نشان داد که بین عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری مشاهده شد. همچنین عملکرد دانه بیشترین همبستگی (95/0r=) را با عملکرد بیولوژیک داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تاریخ کاشت؛ خشکی؛ شاخص برداشت؛ کمبود آب؛ وزن هزار دانه

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