تأثیر همزمانی ماده مغذی بر تخمیر شکمبه‌ای، ساخت پروتئین میکروبی و تعادل نیتروژن در گوسفند

پژوهشهای علوم دامی ایران

مقاله 2، دوره 12، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 41، فروردین 1399، صفحه 19-33   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی - تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijasr.v12i1.76961

نویسندگان

طاهر یلچی^{* 1}؛ جمال سیف دواتی²؛ رضا سید شریفی²

¹دانشگاه محقق اردبیل

²گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقـق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

چکیده

این پژوهش به منظور بررسی آثار همزمان سازی تخمیر شکمبه­ای ماده مغذی بر فراسنجه­های شکمبه­ای، ساخت پروتئین میکروبی و تعادل نیتروژن در گوسفند انجام شد. ترکیبات شیمیایی به همراه فراسنجه­های تجزیه پذیری پروتئین خام و کربوهیدرات علوفه یونجه، کاه گندم، ‌دانه جو،‌ دانه ذرت،‌ تفاله چغندرقند،‌ سبوس گندم و کنجاله سویا اندازه­گیری شد. سه جیره با انرژی و پروتئین خام یکسان اما با شاخص همزمانی متفاوت شامل 64/0، 78/0 و 92/0 که با استفاده از فراسنجه­های تجزیه­پذیری مواد خوراکی محاسبه شده بودند،‌ تنظیم شدند. از شش رأس گوسفند 14 ماهه با میانگین وزن 17/1±17/30 کیلوگرم دارای فیستوله شکمبه­ای در قفس­های متابولیکی استفاده شد. طرح آزمایشی در قالب طرح مربع لاتین تکرار شده در سه دوره و اختصاص دو گوسفند به هر جیره آزمایشی در هر دوره انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش شاخص همزمانی غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی شکمبه به ویژه در 5/1 ساعت بعد از مصرف خوراک کاهش یافت. غلظت کل اسیدهای چرب فرار در 3 ساعت بعد از تغذیه در جیره­ای که بیشترین شاخص همزمانی را داشت بیشترین مقدار بود. با افزایش شاخص همزمانی غلظت کل اسیدهای چرب فرار به ویژه غلظت پروپیونات نیز افزایش معنی­داری داشت. کل مشتقات پورینی دفع شده یا جذب شده و ساخت پروتئین میکروبی تحت تأثیر جیره­های آزمایشی قرار نگرفت. با افزایش شاخص همزمانی کل نیتروژن دفع شده کاهش و بازدهی ابقاء نیتروژن افزایش یافت. هرچند در این پژوهش ساخت پروتئین میکروبی تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفت اما سایر نتایج مثبت از جمله بهبود تخمیر در شکمبه و ابقاء نیتروژن در بدن، استفاده از شاخص همزمانی را در تنظیم جیره­های غذایی برای نشخوارکنندگان به ویژه گوسفندان قابل توصیه می­نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ابقاء نیتروژن؛ تخمیر شکمبه‌ای؛ شاخص همزمانی؛ نیتروژن آمونیاکی؛ نیتروژن اوره‌ای خون

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