ارزیابی شاخص‌های انرژی و پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی در تولید سیب‌زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L.) در استان گلستان

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 4، دوره 11، شماره 1، تیر 1398، صفحه 53-68  

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v12i3.73855

نویسندگان

محمد تقی فیض بخش ¹؛ محمد علی دری¹؛ نصیبه رضوان طلب²

¹مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان

²علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر ارزیابی انرژی ورودی و خروجی و پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی در بین محققان بخش کشاورزی جایگاه ویژه‌ای پیدا کرده است. جهت انجام این بررسی از طریق مصاحبه با کشاورزان مختلف، 95 کشاورز تولید کننده سیب‌زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L.) در استان گلستان و در سال زراعی 96-1395 انتخاب گردید. اطلاعات مربوط به بکارگیری ماشین‌آلات، نهاده‌های ورودی شامل غده بذری، کود، سوخت فسیلی، الکتریسیته، آب آبیاری و سموم بوسیله‌ی پرسشنامه جمع‌آوری شد. سپس میزان مصرف سوخت، میزان انرژی ورودی و خروجی، شاخص‌های ارزیابی انرژی و پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی ناشی از انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای بر حسب معادل دی‌اکسیدکربن محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که کل میزان انرژی ورودی و خروجی  به مزارع سیب‌زمینی به ترتیب برابر 8/30 و 2/79 گیگاژول در هکتار بود. همچنین بیشترین انرژی ورودی مستقیم در مزارع سیب­زمینی مربوط به مصرف سوخت می‌باشد و نیز در بخش انرژی ورودی غیرمستقیم بیشترین میزان مربوط به کود نیتروژن به­دست آمد. نسبت انرژی خروجی به ورودی، بهره­وری انرژی و انرژی ویژه به ترتیب برابر 13/2، 71/0 (کیلوگرم بر مگاژول) و 4/1 (مگاژول بر کیلوگرم) محاسبه شد. همچنین میزان پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی در مزارع سیب­زمینی 22/1616 کیلوگرم معادل دی اکسیدکربن به­دست آمد. مصرف کودهای شیمیایی به ویژه کود نیتروژنه و الکتریسیته، بیش از 50 درصد از انتشار گازهای گلخانه­ای اختصاص داشت. چون میزان انرژی مصرفی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه­ای در بخش مصرف کود نیتروژن در زراعت سیب­زمینی زیاد است،  لزوم بررسی و تحقیق جهت کشت­های تناوبی و در تناوب با سیب­زمینی و همچنین استفاده از گیاهان تثبیت­کننده نیتروژن در راستای مدیریت اکولوژیک در مزارع تولید این محصول، آشکار می­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

انرژی ویژه؛ انرژی غیرمستقیم؛ سوخت؛ عملیات زراعی

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