تعیین ارزش غذایی، قابلیت هضم دانه، غلاف و پوسته دانه باقلا با استفاده از روش‌های آزمایشگاهی

پژوهشهای علوم دامی ایران

مقاله 2، دوره 12، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 42، مرداد 1399، صفحه 151-167  

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی - تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijasr.v12i2.77137

نویسندگان

سلیمان بدرزاده اورنج؛ جمال سیف دواتی ؛ فرزاد میرزایی آقجه قشلاق ؛ حسین عبدی بنمار؛ رضا سید شریفی

گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

لازمه استفاده بهینه از اجزای و پسماند باقلا در تغذیه دام آگاهی از کیفیت و ترکیبات مغذی آن می باشد. هدف از این تحقیق تعیین ارزش غذایی، انرژی متابولیسمی، قابلیت هضم شکمبه ای و بعد از شکمبه ای در اجزای مختلف باقلا Vicia faba L. به صورت خام و فرآوری شده با اوره و ملاس با استفاده از روش‌های  in situ و in vitro بود. نتایج نشان داد که ترکیبات شیمیایی، پتانسیل و نرخ تولید گاز، ماده آلی قابل هضم، انرژی متابولیسمی، و اسید‌های چرب کوتاه زنجیر بین اجزای مختلف باقلا دارای اختلاف معنی‌دار هستند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که فرآوری غلاف باقلا با 3 درصد ملاس و 5/1 درصد اوره به دلیل فراهمی همزمان و مناسب اسکلت کربنی و منبع نیتروژن موجب کاهش میزان الیاف نامحلول در شوینده‌ی اسیدی آن و به عبارتی افزایش قابلیت هضمی آن شد. براساس نتایج حاصل، بیشترین میزان قابلیت هضم ماده آلی در ماده خشک و انرژی متابولیسمی در اثر عمل‌آوری غلاف باقلا با 5/4% ملاس و 5/1% اوره  (5/4 + 5/1 درصد ماده خشک) مشاهده گردید. با افزایش سطح ملاس قابلیت هضم ماده خشک در غلاف باقلا در کل دستگاه گوارش افزایش یافت. دانه باقلا دارای ارزش غذایی بیشتری نسبت به سایر اجزای آن بوده و مقدار فیبر در پوسته دانه بیشتر بود. به طور کلی دانه باقلا با پروتئین حدود 71/24 درصد و انرژی قابل متابولیسم 94/8 مگاژول برکیلوگرم دارای ارزش غذایی خوبی برای تغذیه دام است. لیکن غلاف باقلا نیز ارزش تغذیه‌ای مناسبی به عنوان منبع فیبر غیر‌‌علوفه‌ای برای نشخوارکنندگان دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ارزش غذایی؛ باقلا؛ ترکیب شیمیایی؛ تولید گاز؛ قابلیت هضم

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