تعیین ارزش غذایی، قابلیت هضم دانه، غلاف و پوسته دانه باقلا با استفاده از روش‌های آزمایشگاهی

پژوهشهای علوم دامی ایران

مقاله 2، دوره 12، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 42، تیر 1399، صفحه 151-167   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی - تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijasr.v12i2.77137

نویسندگان

سلیمان بدرزاده اورنج¹؛ جمال سیف دواتی^{* 1}؛ فرزاد میرزایی آقجه قشلاق²؛ حسین عبدی بنمار¹؛ رضا سید شریفی¹

¹گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

²گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

چکیده

لازمه استفاده بهینه از اجزای و پسماند باقلا در تغذیه دام آگاهی از کیفیت و ترکیبات مغذی آن می باشد. هدف از این تحقیق تعیین ارزش غذایی، انرژی متابولیسمی، قابلیت هضم شکمبه ای و بعد از شکمبه ای در اجزای مختلف باقلا Vicia faba L. به صورت خام و فرآوری شده با اوره و ملاس با استفاده از روش‌های  in situ و in vitro بود. نتایج نشان داد که ترکیبات شیمیایی، پتانسیل و نرخ تولید گاز، ماده آلی قابل هضم، انرژی متابولیسمی، و اسید‌های چرب کوتاه زنجیر بین اجزای مختلف باقلا دارای اختلاف معنی‌دار هستند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که فرآوری غلاف باقلا با 3 درصد ملاس و 5/1 درصد اوره به دلیل فراهمی همزمان و مناسب اسکلت کربنی و منبع نیتروژن موجب کاهش میزان الیاف نامحلول در شوینده‌ی اسیدی آن و به عبارتی افزایش قابلیت هضمی آن شد. براساس نتایج حاصل، بیشترین میزان قابلیت هضم ماده آلی در ماده خشک و انرژی متابولیسمی در اثر عمل‌آوری غلاف باقلا با 5/4% ملاس و 5/1% اوره  (5/4 + 5/1 درصد ماده خشک) مشاهده گردید. با افزایش سطح ملاس قابلیت هضم ماده خشک در غلاف باقلا در کل دستگاه گوارش افزایش یافت. دانه باقلا دارای ارزش غذایی بیشتری نسبت به سایر اجزای آن بوده و مقدار فیبر در پوسته دانه بیشتر بود. به طور کلی دانه باقلا با پروتئین حدود 71/24 درصد و انرژی قابل متابولیسم 94/8 مگاژول برکیلوگرم دارای ارزش غذایی خوبی برای تغذیه دام است. لیکن غلاف باقلا نیز ارزش تغذیه‌ای مناسبی به عنوان منبع فیبر غیر‌‌علوفه‌ای برای نشخوارکنندگان دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ارزش غذایی؛ باقلا؛ ترکیب شیمیایی؛ تولید گاز؛ قابلیت هضم

مراجع

1- Ammar, H., S. Lopez, and J. S. Gonzalez. 2005. Assessment of the digestibility of some Mediterranean shrubs by in vitro techniques. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology, 119(3-4): 323 –331.

2- ANKOM Technology. 2008. Procedures for fiber and in vitro analysis. Available at http://www.ankom. com. Accessed November 2018.

3- Anonymous. 2012. Iranian Agricultural Statistics. General Department of Statistics and Information of the Ministry of Agriculture. Available at http://www. iana.ir/ keshavarzi /itemlist/tag.

4- AOAC International. 2000. Official methods of analysis. 17th ed. AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD.

5- Blummel, M., H. P. S. Makkar, and K. Becker. 1997. In vitro gas production: A technique revisited. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 77(1-5): 24 -34.

6- Boda, K. 1990. Non convention feedstuff in the nutrition of farm animals. Elsevier Applied Science Publisher Co, New York.

7- Broderick, G. A., N. D. Luchini, S. M. Reynal, G. A. Varga, and V. A. Ishler. 2008. Effect on production of replacing dietary starch with sucrose in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 91(12): 4801 -4810.

8- Chaudhry, A. S. 2000. Rumen degradation in sacco in sheep of wheat straw treated with calcium oxide, sodium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide plus hydrogen peroxide. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology, 83(3-4): 313 -323.

9- Crepon, K., P. Marget, C. Peyronnet, B. Carrouee, P. Arese, and G. Duc. 2010. Nutritional value of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seeds for feed and food. Field Crops Research, 115(3): 329-339.

10- Czerkawski, J. W. 1986. An introduction to rumen studies. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK

11- Dalvand, M., M. H. Beiranvand, and B. Yarahmadi. 2016. The use of faba bean spilt waste on livestock performance. The 6th Iranian Pulse Crops Symposium. Agricultural and Natural Research and Education Center of Lorestan Province. Khorramabad. Iran. (In Persian).

12- Delavar, M, and M. Danesh Mesgaran. 2003. Determination of chemical and digestive (ruminal and intestinal) parameters of alfalfa treated with urea and sulfuric acid and its effect on the production and composition of milk in lactating cows. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 17(2): 219-231 (In Persian).

13- Di Grigoli, A., G. Tornambe, A. Bonanno, and G. Di Miceli. 2005. Effects of protein concentrate different from soya bean on growth performances and meat quality of 130 days lambs. Rencontre Recherche Ruminants, 12(1): 392-398.

14- Dixon, R. M, and B. J. Hosking. 1992. Nutritional value of grain legumes for ruminants. Nutrition Research Reviews, 5(1): 19 -43.

15- Getachew, G., E. J. DePeters, P. H. Robinson, and J. G. Fadel. 2005. Use of an in vitro rumen gas production technique to evaluate microbial fermentation of ruminant feeds and its impact on fermentation products. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology, 123–124: 547 -559.

16- Getachew, G., H. P. S. Makkar, and K. Becker. 1998. The in vitro gas coupled with ammonia measurement for evaluation of nitrogen degradability in low quality roughages using incubation medium of different buffering capacity. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 77(1): 87-95.

17- Guney, M., M. Demirel, S. Celik, Y. Bakici, and T. Levendoglu. 2007. Effects of urea, molasses and urea plus molasses supplementation to sorghum silage on the silage quality, in vitro organic matter digestibility and metabolic energy contents. Journal of Biological Sciences, 7(2): 401 - 404.

18- Gurbaz, Y. 2007. Determination of nutritive value of leaves of several Vitis vinifera varietieties as a source of alternative feedstuff for sheep using in vitro and in situ measurements. Small Ruminant Research, 71(1-3): 59 -66.

19- Hidayat, Hillman, K., C. J. Newbold, and C. S. Stewart. 1993. The contribution of bacteria and protozoa to ruminal forage fermentation in vitro as determined by microbial gas production. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology, 42(3-4): 193 -208.

20- Holden, I. A. 1999. Comparison of method of in vitro dry matter digestibility for ten feeds. Journal of Dairy Science, 82(8): 1791-1794.

21- Hue, Kh. T., D. T. Thanh, and I. Ledin. 2008. Effect of supplementing urea treated rice straw and molasses with different forage species on the performance of lambs. Small Ruminant Research, 78(1-3): 134 –143.

22- Keskun, B, and Ü. H. Yilmaz. 2005. Effects of urea or urea plus molasses supplementation to silages with different sorghum varieties harvested at the milk stage on the quality and in vitro dry matter digestibility of silages. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 29(5): 1143 -147.

23- Khanum, S. A., T.Yaqoob, S. Sadaf, M. Hussain, M. A. Jabbar, H. N. Hussain, R. Kausar, and S. Rehman. 2007. Nutritional evaluation of various feedstuffs for livestock production using in vitro gas method. The Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 27(3): 129-133.

24- Lopez, S., M. S. Dhanoa, J. Dijkstra, A. Bannink, E. Kebreab, and J. France. 2007. Some methodological and analytical considerations regarding application of the gas production technique. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology, 135(1): 139 - 156.

25- Mahala, A. G, and A. N. F. Elseed. 2007. Chemical composition and in vitro gas production characteristics of six fodder trees leaves and seeds. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 3(1): 983 -986.

26- Makkar, H. S. P. 2004. Recent advances in the in vitro gas method for evaluation of nutritional quality of feed resources. Assessing quality and safety of animal feeds. FAO, 160: 55-86.

27- Mateos-Aparicio, I., A. Redondo-Cuenca, M. J. Villanueva-Suarez, and M. A. Zapata-Revilla. 2010. Pea pod, broad bean pod and okara, potential sources of functional compounds. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 43(9): 1467-1470.

28- McDonald, P., A. R. Henderson, and S. J. E. Heron. 1991. The Biochemistry of Silage. 2nd ed. Chalcombe Publications, Marlow, Bucks, UK.

29- McNiven, M. A., E. Prestløkken, L. T. Mydland, and A. W. Mitchell. 2002. Laboratory procedure to determine protein digestibility of heat-treated feedstuffs for dairy cattle. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology, 96(1): 1 -13.

30- Menke, K, and H. Steinggass. 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value from chemical analyses and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development, 28(1):7-55.

31- Menke, K.., L. Raa, H. Steingass, D. Fritz, and W. Scheider. 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolisable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production technique when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge, 93(1): 217 -222.

32- Moore, K. J, and J. H. Cherney. 1986. Digestion kinetics of sequentially extracted cell components of forages. Journal of Crop Science, 26(6): 1230 -1235.

33- Navid Shad, B, and A. R. Jafari Saiyadi. 2006. Animal Nutrition. Haghshenas Press, Rasht, Iran. (In Persian).

34- Nocek, J. E. 1988. In situ and other methods to estimate ruminal protein and energy digestibility: A Review. Journal of Dairy Science, 71(8): 2051 -2069.

35- National Research Council. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.

36- Ørskov, E. R, and I. McDonald. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge, 92(2):499 - 503.

37- Pasandi, M. 2014. Determination of digestibility and utilization of ensiled broad bean stover on performance of fattening Dalagh lambs. Animal Science (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 27(104): 17-24. (In Persian).

38- Pasandi, M., N. M. Torbatinejad, H. Golam, and M. H. Okhovvat. 2009. Effects of wheat straw and molasses addition silage characteristics of broad bean residues. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 16(1):76-81. (In Persian).

39- Paya, H., A. Taghizadeh, H. Janmohammadi, and G. A. Moghadam. 2007. Nutrient digestibility and gas production of some tropical feeds used in ruminant diets estimated by the in vivo and in vitro gas production techniques . American Journal Animal and Veterinary Science, 2 (4): 108-113.

40- Rahimi, A., A. Naserian., S. H. Ebrahimi, Z. Zarnegar, M. R. Amini, M, Jorian, and S. Roshandel. 2016. Determination of the nutritional value of different parts of Vicia faba and shell of different kinds of citrus using in vitro gas production technique. Page 1-5 in Proc. 7th Iranian Congress of Animal Sciences, Collage of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. (In Persian).

41- Romos Morales, E., M. R. Sanz Sampelayo, and E. Molina Alcaide. 2010. Nutritive evaluation of legume seeds for ruminant feeding. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 94(1): 55-64.

42- SAS Institute Inc., 2003. Statistical Analysis System (SAS) User's Guide, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.

43- Sibel, C., C. Budag, M. Demirel, Y. Bakici, and S. Celik. 2009. The Effects of Adding urea and molasses to corn harvested at dough stage on silage fermentation quality, in vitro organic matter digestibility and metabolic energy contents. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 8(10): 1921 -1924.

44- Songsak, C., C. Anut, and C. Piyante. 2007. Chemical compositions and nutritional evaluation of energy feeds for ruminant using in vitro gas production technique. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 6(6): 607-612.

45- Vakili, S. A., M. Danesh Mesgaran, and A. M. Tahmasbi. 2008. Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad press, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian).