ارزیابی عملکرد کمی و کیفی نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) و جو (Hordeum vulgare L.) در کشت مخلوط تحت تأثیر کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی در شرایط آبیاری تکمیلی

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 5، دوره 11، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 39، فروردین 1398، صفحه 69-85   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i1.71201

نویسندگان

اسماعیل رضائی چیانه^{* 1}؛ یحیی رسولی¹؛ جلال جلیلیان¹؛ مسعود قدسی²

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران

²بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی مرکز تحقیقات خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی مشهد، ایران

چکیده

این آزمایش به­منظور بررسی مقایسه الگوهای مختلف کشت مخلوط ردیفی نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) و جو (Hordeum vulgare L.) تحت تأثیر کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی، به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و 24 تیمار در مزرعه­ای واقع در آذربایجان غربی- شهرستان نقده در سال زراعی 1393- 1392 به اجرا در آمد. عامل اول شش نوع الگوی کاشت شامل کشت خالص نخود، کشت خالص جو، کشت مخلوط 1 ردیف جو+ 1 ردیف نخود، 2 ردیف جو+ 2 ردیف نخود، 4ردیف جو+ 2ردیف نخود و 2 ردیف جو+ 4 ردیف نخود و عامل دوم چهار سطح کود شامل عدم کاربرد کود (شاهد)، 100% کود شیمیایی (NP) ،کود زیستی (ازتو بارور 1+ فسفاته بارور 2) و 50% کود شیمیایی+ کود زیستی بود. نتایج در مورد گیاه نخود نشان داد که بیشترین عمکرد دانه از کشت خالص با 75/220 گرم در متر مربع و کمترین عملکرد دانه با میانگین 91/78 گرم در متر مربع مربوط به الگوی کشت یک ردیف جو+ یک ردیف نخود بود. بین تیمارهای کودی مورد استفاده بیشترین عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک نخود از تیمار تلفیقی کود شیمیایی+ کود زیستی و کمترین عملکرد از تیمار عدم مصرف کود به­دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عمکرد دانه جو (12/414 گرم در متر مربع) از کشت خالص و کمترین عملکرد دانه (66/206 گرم در متر مربع) مربوط به الگوی کشت یک ردیف جو+ یک ردیف نخود بود. در بررسی تیمارهای کودی بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک به ترتیب از تیمار تلفیقی کود شیمیایی+ کود زیستی و شاهد به­دست آمد. کشت مخلوط 2 ردیف جو+ 2 ردیف نخود در شرایط کاربرد کود شیمیایی بیشترین (34/1) میزان نسبت برابری زمین کل را در بین الگوهای مختلف کشت مخلوط به خود اختصاص داد که معادل 34 درصد افزایش در بهره­وری استفاده از زمین نسبت به کشت خالص دو گونه بود با توجه به اهداف کشاورزی پایدار با هدف حذف یا کاهش قابل ملاحظه مصرف نهاده­های شیمیایی، تیمار عدم کاربرد کود و کود دهی تلفیقی برای نسبت 2 ردیف جو+ 2 ردیف نخود مناسب و قابل توجیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ازتو باکتر؛ الگوی کاشت؛ سودوموناس؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ نسبت برابری زمین

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