تغییرات سالیانه جمعیتی لاروهای پروانه جوانه‌خوار بلوط (Tortrix viridana L.) روی دو گونه بلوط دارمازو (Quercus infectoria Oliv.) و ویول (Q. libani Lindl.) در استان آذربایجان‌غربی

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 4، دوره 31، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 37، مهر 1396، صفحه 420-432   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v31i3.56354

نویسندگان

محمد رضا زرگران^{* 1}؛ محمد جمشیدی²؛ سید رستم موسوی میرکلا¹

¹دانشگاه ارومیه

²فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

یکی از عوامل اصلی تخریب جنگل‌های بلوط، جوانه‌خوار بلوط .Tortrix viridana L است و خسارت زیادی را به این جنگل‌ها وارد می‌سازد. هدف اصلی از انجام این تحقیق، بررسی تغییرات جمعیتی این آفت طی دو سال مختلف و عوامل تأثیرگذار بر آن به‌منظور تعیین راهکار‌های مناسب کنترل آفت بود. این تحقیق طی سال‌های 93 و 94 در منطقه قبرحسین با مساحتی در حدود 250 هکتار انجام شد و در چهار جهت جغرافیایی اصلی (شمال، شرق، جنوب و غربی)، ترانسکت‌هایی با فواصل 100 متری پیاده شد. در مجموع، در هر جهت تعداد 30 درخت دارمازو Quercus infectoria و تعداد 30 درخت وی‌ول Q. libani که از لحاظ شکل ظاهری مشابه بودند (جهت کاهش خطای نمونه‌برداری) در هر چهار جهت جغرافیایی اصلی مورد اندازه‌گیری قرار گرفتند. در هر درخت نیز چهار شاخه انتخاب (هر جهت یک شاخه به طول 50 سانتی‌متر) و در هر شاخه از نوک شاخه به سمت داخل، لاروهای آفت شمارش گردید. در هر دو سال، تعداد لاروهای جوانه‌خوار بلوط روی دارمازو بیشتر از وی‌ول بود. تعداد لاروهای جوانه‌خوار بلوط در هر دو گونه بلوط دارمازو و وی‌ول در سال 94 نسبت به سال قبل افزایش چشم‌گیری داشته است که ممکن است با افزایش دما مرتبط باشد. بررسی فراوانی جمعیت لاروهای جوانه‌خوار بلوط در جهت‌های جغرافیایی نشان داد برای هر دو گونه دارمازو و وی‌ول در سال 93 بیشترین و کمترین تعداد لارو به‌ترتیب در جهت جغرافیایی شرقی و غربی و در سال 94 نیز بیشترین و کمترین میزان فراوانی لاروها به‌ترتیب در جهت جغرافیایی جنوبی و شمالی بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آفت؛ انبوهی؛ جنگل؛ خسارت

مراجع

1- Adams J.M., and Zhang Y. 2009. Is there more insect folivory in warmer temperate climates? A latitudinal comparison of insect folivory in eastern North America. Journal of Ecology, 97(5): 933-940.

2- Alehosseini S.A., Saadati S.H., and Hamzeh-Zarghani H. 2013. Study of population dynamics of oak tortrix moth (Tortrix viridana) and its natural enemies in Fars province. Plant Protection Journal, 5(1): 1-12 (In Persian with English abstract).

3- Ashori A., and Kheradpir N. 2009. Insect ecology, conseptd and applications. University of Tehran Press, Tehran, Iran (In Persian).

4- Askari H., Al-Mansor H., Zargaran M.R., Mansor-Ghazi M., Barimani H., Tabrizian M., and Ajam-Hasani M. 2006. Is the shape of pheromone traps effective in hunting of male oak leaf roller Tortrix viridana L.? Abstracts of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2 Aug. 2006, Iran (In Persian with English abstract).

5- Baltensweiler W., Weber U.M., and Cherubini P. 2008. Tracing the influence of larch‐bud‐moth insect outbreaks and weather conditions on larch tree‐ring growth in Engadine (Switzerland). Oikos, 117(2): 161-172.

6- Banj-Shafiei A., Es’haghi-Rad J., Alijanpour A., and Pato M. 2011. Effect of oak leaf roller (Tortrix viridana L.) pest on Quercus libani annual Tree ring width. Journal of Plant Protection (Agricultural Sciences and Technology), 25(2): 178-185 (In Persian with English abstract).

7- Barimani-Varandi H., and Ghasemi S. 2006. Introduction of a Parasitic flies (Dip.: Tachinidae) of Tortrix viridana L. larvae from Golestan province. Abstracts of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Iran, 2 Aug. 2006: 70-75 (In Persian with English abstract).

8- Behdad E. 1987. Pests and diseases of forest trees and shrubs and decorative plants of Iran. Sepehr Press, Esfahan, Iran (In Persian).

9- Fatahi M. 1994. Study of Zagros oak forests and its degradation factors. Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran (In Persian).

10- Gieger T., and Thomas F.M. 2005. Differential response of two Central-European oak species to single and combined stress factors. Trees, 19(5): 607-618.

11- Ghobari H., Goldansaz S.H., Askari H., Ashori A., Kharazi-Pakdel A., and Bihamta M.R. 2007. Investigation of presence, distribution and flight period of oak leaf roller moth, Tortrix viridana (Lep.: Tortricidae) using pheromone traps in Kurdistan province. Entomological Society of Iran, 27(1): 47-59 (In Persian with English abstract).

12- Hagstrum D.W., and Subramanyam B. 2010. Immature insects: ecological roles of mobility. American Entomologist, 56(4): 231.

13- Hosseinzadeh A. 2010. Bioecology of oak leaf roller Tortrix viridana L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in west Azerbaijan. Abstracts of the 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2 Jul. 2010, Iran. (In Persian with English abstract).

14- Hosseinzadeh A. 2011. Oak healthy seed production as a food by reducing the use of pesticides using pheromone traps in controlling of the most destructive Oak pest (oak leaf roller Tortrix viridana L.) in west Azerbaijan. Abstracts of the 4th Food Security Congress, 22-24 Apr. 2011, Iran (In Persian with English abstract).

15- Hunter M.D. 1990. Differential susceptibility to variable plant phenology and its role in competition between two insect herbivores on oak. Ecological Entomology, 15: 401-408.

16- Hunter M.D., Varley G.C., and Gradwell G.R. 1997. Estimating the relative roles of top-down and bottom-up forces on insect herbivore populations: a classic study revisited. Proceeding of National Academy of Sciences, 94: 9176-9181.

17- Ivashov A.V., Boyko G.E., and Simchuk A.P. 2002. The role of host plant phenology in the development of the oak leafroller moth, Tortrix viridana L. (Lep.: Tortricidae). Forest Ecology and Management, 157: 7-14.

18- Jazirei M.H., Ebrahimi-Rastaghi M. 2003. Zagros Silviculture. Tehran Press, Tehran, Iran (In Persian).

19- Johnson P.S., Shifley R.S., and Rogers R. 2009. The Ecological and Silviculture of Oaks, CABI Publishing, New York, USA.

20- Kapeller S. 2009. Modelling of population dynamic of the green oak leaf roller (Tortrix viridana) within oak populations. Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Vienna, Austria.

21- Kiadaliri H., Ostovan H., Abaei M., and Ahangaran Y. 2005. Investigation on the behaviour treat of leaf feeder moth (erannis defoliaria clerck) and natural enemies in forests of the in west of Mazandaran province. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 11(1): 149-159 (In Persian with English abstract).

22- Mehdifar D., and Sagheb-Talebi Kh. 2006. Silvicultural characteristics and site demands of Gall Oak (Quercus infectoria Oliv.) in Shineh, Lorestan province Iran. Iranian Jouranl of Forest and Poplar Research, 14(3): 193-206 (In Persian with English abstract).

23- Motallebi-Taperasht R. 2014. Survey on nutritional indices of Green Oak Leaf Roller (Tortrix viridana L.) on Quercus infectoria and Q. libani in Piranshahr Oak forests. M.Sc. thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran (In Persian with English abstract).

24- Netherer S., and Schopf A. 2010. Potential effects of climate change on insect herbivores in European forests-general aspects and the pine processionary moth as specific example. Forest Ecology and management, 259(4): 831-838.

25- Pourhashemi M. 2003. Natural regeneration of oak species in Marivan forests (Case study: Doveyse). Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. (In Persian with English abstract).

26- Rouault G., Candau J.-N., Lieutier F., Nageleisen L.-M., Martin J.-C., and Warzee N. 2006. Effects of drought and heat on forest insect populations in relation to the 2003 drought in Western Europe. Annals of Forest Science, 63(6): 613-624.

27- Salle A., Nageleisen L.-M., and Lieutier F. 2014. Bark and wood boring insects involved in oak declines in Europe: Current knowledge and future prospects in a context of climate change. Forest Ecology and management, 328: 79-93.

28- Sagheb-Talebi Kh., Sajedi, T., and Yazdian, F. 2004. Looking at the Iran forests. Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran (In Persian with English abstract).

29- Simchuk A.P., Ivashov A.V., and Companiytsev V.A. 1999. Genetic patterns as possible factors causing population cycles in oak leafroller moth, Tortrix Viridana L.. Forest Ecology and Management, 113: 35-49.

30- Solter L.F., Pilarska D.K., McManus M.L., Zúbrik M., Patočka J., Huang W.F., and Novotný J. 2010. Host specificity of microsporidia pathogenic to the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.): Field studies in Slovakia. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 105(1): 1-10.

31- Talebi M., Sagheb-Talebi Kh., and Jahanbazi H. 2006. Site demands and some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Persian Oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) in Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Province (western Iran). Iranian Jouranl of Forest and Poplar Research, 14(1): 67-79 (In Persian with English abstract).

32- Tomescu R., Taut I., Covrig I., and Simonca V. 2014. Study concerning Tortrix viridana attack on oak forests from Transylvanian Private Forest Districts. Pro-Environment, 7: 21-25.

33- Zamani Z., Khaje-Amiri J., and Sabzalian M.R., 2012. Influence of trap type, trapping location and cardinal direction on the capture of the Pistachio twig borer moth, Kermania pistaciella Amsel. (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) in Isfahan. Plant Pests Research, 2(2): 53-62 (In Persian with English abstract).

34- Zargaran M.R., Askari H., Ajam-Hosseini M., Tabrizian M., and Bakhshali-Saatlo H. 2006. Determine the activity period and distribution of adult insects of Tortrix viridana L. (Lep.:Tortricidae) in west Azerbaijan. Abstracts of the 17th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 2 Aug. 2006, Iran (In Persian with English abstract).

35- Zargaran M.R., Banj-Shafiei A., Seyedi N., and Motamedi J. 2013. Biological study of destructive oak pest leaf roller Tortrix viridana L. in laboratory and field conditions and its distribution in oak forests of West Azerbaijan province. Abstracts of the 1st National Conference on Achieving Strategies to Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment parts, 10 Mar. 2013, Iran (In Persian with English abstract).