Performance of Seven Silkworm Varieties in Torbat Heydarieh

پژوهشهای علوم دامی ایران

Article 11, Volume 12, Issue 3 - Serial Number 43, September 2021, Pages 399-409   

Document Type: Other

DOI: 10.22067/ijasr.v12i3.75418

Authors

Masoud alipanah^{* 1}; Zabihioallah Abedian²; Abdolazim Nasiri²; Farid Sarjamei²

¹Department of Plant Production, Torbat Heydariyeh University, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.

²Centre of Sericulture of Khorasan Razavi Province, Torbat Heydarieh

Abstract

Introduction: City of Torbat Heydarieh in the northeast of Iran is one of the most important region in rearing silkworm in country. In Iran, two types of silkworm are used for rearing, mostly hybrids produced in center of Iran silkworm research, also in some regions some of imported hybrids using for rearing. Understanding the resistance and sensitivity of these hybrids is essential for choosing the best hybrid in each region and for understanding their genetic capabilities to apply future breeding hybrid. In addition, considering the conditions in the traditional and industrial field of silkworm breeding, which is suffering from many contamination and morality reasons, the selection of resistant strains and hybrids is important for preventing a severe drop in production.
The goals of many of pervious experiments were to identify the proper hybrid for each region. Results of studies in Iran showed that Iranian hybrids as 103 x 104, 104 x 103, 31 x 32 and 154 x 151 are proper for rearing in some region in Iran.
Seven Iranian commercial silkworm hybrids were hatched and reared during the spring 2016 in center of silkworm development of Torbat Heydarieh. Propose of the study was compare of performance for silkworm hybrids.
Materials and Methods :The field survey was conducted for determination of performance in six Iranian silkworm hybrids namely 154 x 153, 32 x 31, 104 x 103, 151 x 154, 154 x 151, 153 x 154 and one Chines hybrid. Study was carried out by feeding on the mulberry variety Kenmuchi.  For the propose one box of disease-free laying of each hybrid was obtained from Iran Sericulture Research Center (ISRC) and the eggs were rearing in the center of sericulture development of Torbat Heydarieh under standard conditions of 25°C with RH of 80 and photoperiod of 16L:8D. After hatching, silkworm larvae fed base on standard rearing conditions. The larvae were fed with the healthy leaves of Kenmuchi mulberry tree. After finishing of rearing stages, the produced cocoons were collected. Some of recorded traits were including: number of live larva, number of live pupa, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell percent, color of cocoon shell and duration of larva period. Results according by CRD were analysis using procedure of GLM in SAS 9.2.
Results and Discussion: While Iranian Hybrids in this study were similar for many of quality trait, Chinese hybrid was different in most of the traits. Chinese hybrid has longer molt period for 3th instar, young larvae and longer nutritional period for 4^th instar, 5^th instar and adult larvae, also the hybrid has longer larvae period in compare with Iranian hybrids.
Results of analysis showed that Chinese hybrid had most number of good cocoons in litter (P<0.05) due to mean good cocoon weight in this hybrid was lowest in compare with hybrids.
Results showed that Chinese hybrid had the lowest good cocoon weight and good cocoon mean (P<0.05). Mean weight of a good cocoon with female pupa in 32 x 31 and 151 x 154 hybrids was more than other hybrids, meanwhile Chines hybrid showed lowest weight (P<0.05). Male pupa in different hybrids had similar weight, but female pupa in 151 x 154 hybrid and Chines hybrid showed the most and the least weight, respectively. In other hand, 32 x 31 had a higher performance for these traits. Chines hybrid and 151 x 154 hybrid showed lowest mean of cocoon shell weight meanwhile, for the trait 32 x 31 had most performance. Number of egg laying in 32 x 31 hybrids was higher in compare with other hybrids. For other traits did not observe difference between studied hybrids although, for example 151 x 154 and Chines hybrid had the least number of cocoon production and number of good cocoon. Other studies identified that using directly of imported hybrids for rearing in different region of Iran will not lead to good results.
Conclusion: According to the results, Chinese hybrid had the lowest value for rearing in Torbat Heydarieh region due to the hybrid has the lowest mean of good cocoon and weight of shell cocoon. Although Iranian hybrids in most of traits had similar performance but this study indicates that 32 × 31 is better for cocoon production in Torbat Heydarieh Region

Keywords

Cocoon; Hybrid; Larvae; Performance; Sericulture; Silkworm

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