تأثیر تلقیح با قارچ Piriformospora indica بر عملکرد دانه، جذب و کارآیی مصرف نور سویا (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) تحت شرایط تنش کم‌آبی

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 13، دوره 11، شماره 1، تیر 1398، صفحه 199-215   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i1.66827

نویسندگان

گودرز احمدوند^* ؛ سمیه حاجی نیا

دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تلقیح با قارچ Piriformospora indica بر جذب و کارآیی مصرف نور سویا (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) تحت شرایط تنش کم‌آبی، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا در دو سال 1393 و 1394 اجرا شد. عامل اصلی آبیاری در سه سطح (آبیاری پس از 60، 90 و 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر آب از تشت تبخیر) و عامل فرعی کاربرد قارچ P. indica در دو سطح (تلقیح و عدم تلقیح با قارچ) بود. صفات مورد بررسی شامل شاخص سطح برگ، ماده خشک، جذب تشعشع، کارآیی مصرف نور و عملکرد دانه بود. در هر دو سال زراعی با اعمال تنش کم‌آبی، سطح برگ و تجمع ماده خشک، کاهش یافت. کاربرد قارچ در سطوح مختلف آبیاری، سبب افزایش سطح برگ و تجمع ماده خشک شد. بیشترین مقدار کارآیی مصرف نور (75/1 و 85/1 گرم بر مگاژول به‌ترتیب در سال اول و دوم) در گیاهان تلقیح‌شده با قارچ تحت شرایط عدم تنش کم‌آبی و کمترین مقدار آن (10/1 و 15/1 گرم بر مگاژول به‌ترتیب در سال اول و دوم) در گیاهان تلقیح نشده تحت شرایط تنش شدید کم‌آبی به‌دست آمد. تنش شدید کم‌آبی، عملکرد دانه سویا را به‌میزان 20/57 درصد کاهش داد. قارچ P. indica، در شرایط عدم تنش، تنش متوسط و تنش شدید کم‌آبی، عملکرد دانه سویا را به‌ترتیب 67/13، 85/22 و 14/22 درصد در مقایسه با عدم تلقیح، افزایش داد. نتایج نشان‌دهنده تأثیر مثبت قارچ P. indica در سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر شاخص سطح برگ، ماده خشک، جذب و کارآیی مصرف نور سویا بود، به‌طوری­که کاربرد قارچ منجر به کاهش اثرات تنش و بهبود عملکرد سویا تحت شرایط تنش کم‌آبی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آبیاری؛ جذب تشعشع؛ سویا؛ قارچ درون‌زی؛ کارآیی مصرف نور

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